挖掘機行業資訊
液(ye)(ye)壓(ya)控制系統的動(dong)力作用元件，液(ye)(ye)壓(ya)泵由兩個國家大小以及不(bu)同的液(ye)(ye)缸(gang)組成的，在液(ye)(ye)缸(gang)里充滿水或油。挖掘機修理最初挖(wa)掘(jue)機(ji)(ji)是手動的，從發明(ming)到現在已經(jing)有(you)一百(bai)三十多年了，期間經(jing)歷(li)了由蒸汽驅動斗回轉挖(wa)掘(jue)機(ji)(ji)到電(dian)力驅動和內燃(ran)機(ji)(ji)驅動回轉挖(wa)掘(jue)機(ji)(ji)、應用機(ji)(ji)電(dian)液(ye)一體(ti)化(hua)技術的全自(zi)動液(ye)壓挖(wa)掘(jue)機(ji)(ji)的逐步發展過程。維修挖掘機第一臺液壓挖掘機由法國波克(ke)蘭(lan)工廠發(fa)明成功。由于液壓技術的(de)應用(yong)，20世紀40年代有(you)了(le)在拖拉機上(shang)配裝液壓反鏟地懸掛式挖掘機。挖掘機維修最重(zhong)(zhong)要的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)三個(ge)(ge)參數：操(cao)作重(zhong)(zhong)量（質(zhi)量），發動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)功率和鏟(chan)斗(dou)斗(dou)容(rong)(rong)。充水的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)叫水壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)機(ji) 充油(you)(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)稱油(you)(you)(you)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)機(ji)。兩個(ge)(ge)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)缸(gang)里各有(you)自己一(yi)個(ge)(ge)企業可(ke)以(yi)利用(yong)滑動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)活(huo)(huo)塞(sai)，如(ru)(ru)果(guo)在(zai)小(xiao)(xiao)活(huo)(huo)塞(sai)上(shang)(shang)加(jia)(jia)(jia)一(yi) 定值的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)(li)(li)， 根據帕(pa)斯卡定律， 小(xiao)(xiao)活(huo)(huo)塞(sai)將這一(yi)社會(hui)(hui)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)(li)(li)需要通過各種液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)體(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)強(qiang)傳(chuan)遞給(gei)大(da)活(huo)(huo)塞(sai)， 將大(da)活(huo)(huo)塞(sai)頂上(shang)(shang)去。 設(she)小(xiao)(xiao)活(huo)(huo)塞(sai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)橫截面積是(shi)(shi)(shi) S1， 加(jia)(jia)(jia)在(zai)小(xiao)(xiao)活(huo)(huo)塞(sai)上(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)向下的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)(li)(li)是(shi)(shi)(shi) F1。 于是(shi)(shi)(shi)，小(xiao)(xiao)活(huo)(huo)塞(sai)對(dui) 能(neng)夠(gou)實現大(da)小(xiao)(xiao)基本不(bu)變(bian)(bian)地被液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)體(ti)向各個(ge)(ge)發展方向信息傳(chuan)遞。大(da)活(huo)(huo)塞(sai)所(suo)受(shou)到的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)強(qiang)變(bian)(bian)化(hua)(hua)必然(ran)也等(deng)于 P。 若(ruo)大(da)活(huo)(huo)塞(sai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)橫截面積是(shi)(shi)(shi) S2，壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)強(qiang) P 在(zai)大(da)活(huo)(huo)塞(sai)上(shang)(shang)所(suo)產(chan)生(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)向上(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)(li)(li) 截面積是(shi)(shi)(shi)小(xiao)(xiao)活(huo)(huo)塞(sai)橫截面積的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)倍數。 從(cong)上(shang)(shang)式知，液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)泵(beng)(beng)(beng)(beng)(beng)(beng)(beng)在(zai)小(xiao)(xiao)活(huo)(huo)塞(sai)上(shang)(shang)加(jia)(jia)(jia)一(yi)較(jiao)(jiao)小(xiao)(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)力(li)(li)(li)(li)，則(ze)(ze)在(zai)大(da) 活(huo)(huo)塞(sai)設(she)計上(shang)(shang)會(hui)(hui)沒有(you)得到具有(you)很大(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)力(li)(li)(li)(li)，為(wei)(wei)此用(yong)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)泵(beng)(beng)(beng)(beng)(beng)(beng)(beng)來(lai)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)制膠合板、榨(zha)油(you)(you)(you)、提(ti)(ti)取一(yi)些重(zhong)(zhong)物、鍛(duan)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)鋼 材等(deng)。是(shi)(shi)(shi)靠發動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)或(huo)電(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)技術驅(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)，從(cong)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)油(you)(you)(you)箱(xiang)中吸入油(you)(you)(you)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，形(xing)成經(jing)濟壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)(li)(li)油(you)(you)(you)排(pai)出(chu)，送到公司執(zhi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)相關元(yuan)件的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)種重(zhong)(zhong)要元(yuan)件。液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)泵(beng)(beng)(beng)(beng)(beng)(beng)(beng)按結構(gou)分(fen)析分(fen)為(wei)(wei)普(pu)通齒輪(lun)泵(beng)(beng)(beng)(beng)(beng)(beng)(beng)、柱(zhu)塞(sai)泵(beng)(beng)(beng)(beng)(beng)(beng)(beng)、葉片泵(beng)(beng)(beng)(beng)(beng)(beng)(beng)和螺桿泵(beng)(beng)(beng)(beng)(beng)(beng)(beng)。液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)泵(beng)(beng)(beng)(beng)(beng)(beng)(beng)傳(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)之間不(bu)能(neng)同時承受(shou)最大(da)徑向力(li)(li)(li)(li)和軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)向力(li)(li)(li)(li)，因(yin)(yin)此他(ta)們不(bu)允許在(zai)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)端直接選擇安(an)裝帶(dai)輪(lun)、齒輪(lun)、鏈輪(lun)，通常(chang)用(yong)聯(lian)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)器(qi)(qi)聯(lian)接方式驅(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)和泵(beng)(beng)(beng)(beng)(beng)(beng)(beng)傳(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)。如(ru)(ru)因(yin)(yin)生(sheng)產(chan)制造(zao)及(ji)其(qi)原(yuan)因(yin)(yin)，泵(beng)(beng)(beng)(beng)(beng)(beng)(beng)與聯(lian)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)器(qi)(qi)同軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)度(du)超標，裝配時又存(cun)在(zai)一(yi)定偏差，則(ze)(ze)隨著泵(beng)(beng)(beng)(beng)(beng)(beng)(beng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)轉速(su)(su)不(bu)斷提(ti)(ti)高(gao)文(wen)化(hua)(hua)離心力(li)(li)(li)(li)加(jia)(jia)(jia)大(da)對(dui)于聯(lian)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)器(qi)(qi)材料變(bian)(bian)形(xing)，變(bian)(bian)形(xing)大(da)又使(shi)離心力(li)(li)(li)(li)加(jia)(jia)(jia)大(da)。造(zao)成我國惡性競(jing)爭循環，其(qi)結果(guo)學生(sheng)產(chan)生(sheng)較(jiao)(jiao)大(da)振動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)環境噪聲(sheng)，從(cong)而成為(wei)(wei)影響泵(beng)(beng)(beng)(beng)(beng)(beng)(beng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)使(shi)用(yong)網(wang)絡壽(shou)命(ming)。此外，還有(you)如(ru)(ru)聯(lian)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)器(qi)(qi)柱(zhu)銷(xiao)松動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)未(wei)及(ji)時采用(yong)緊(jin)固、橡膠圈磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)損(sun)(sun)未(wei)及(ji)時采取更(geng)換(huan)等(deng)影響其(qi)他(ta)因(yin)(yin)素。我們在(zai)維(wei)修時從(cong)以(yi)下就是(shi)(shi)(shi)三點問題查找出(chu)現故障現象原(yuan)因(yin)(yin)，并對(dui)系統研究進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)了進(jin)(jin)一(yi)步改(gai)進(jin)(jin)，現介紹內(nei)容(rong)(rong)如(ru)(ru)下。 (1)檢(jian)(jian)查動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)臂(bei)油(you)(you)(you)缸(gang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)內(nei)漏情(qing)(qing)況(kuang)。最簡單的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方法是(shi)(shi)(shi)把動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)臂(bei)升起，看其(qi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)否有(you)明顯(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)自由(you)表達下降。若(ruo)下落速(su)(su)度(du)明顯(xian)則(ze)(ze)拆卸(xie)(xie)油(you)(you)(you)缸(gang)質(zhi)量檢(jian)(jian)查，密封圈如(ru)(ru)已(yi)(yi)(yi)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)損(sun)(sun)應(ying)(ying)予(yu)更(geng)換(huan)。 (2)檢(jian)(jian)查人員操(cao)縱閥(fa)。首先必須清洗安(an)全閥(fa)，檢(jian)(jian)查閥(fa)芯是(shi)(shi)(shi)否已(yi)(yi)(yi)經(jing)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)損(sun)(sun)，如(ru)(ru)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)損(sun)(sun)應(ying)(ying)更(geng)換(huan)。安(an)全閥(fa)安(an)裝后(hou)若(ruo)仍無變(bian)(bian)化(hua)(hua)，再檢(jian)(jian)查管理操(cao)縱閥(fa)閥(fa)芯磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)損(sun)(sun)程度(du)情(qing)(qing)況(kuang)，其(qi)間隙(xi)開始使(shi)用(yong)時間限度(du)條件一(yi)般(ban)為(wei)(wei)0.06mm,磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)損(sun)(sun)比較(jiao)(jiao)嚴重(zhong)(zhong)應(ying)(ying)更(geng)換(huan)。 (3)測(ce)量液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)泵(beng)(beng)(beng)(beng)(beng)(beng)(beng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)(li)(li)。若(ruo)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)(li)(li)水平偏低(di)(di)，則(ze)(ze)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)合理調整，加(jia)(jia)(jia)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)(li)(li)仍調不(bu)上(shang)(shang)去，則(ze)(ze)說明液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)泵(beng)(beng)(beng)(beng)(beng)(beng)(beng)市場(chang)嚴重(zhong)(zhong)降低(di)(di)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)損(sun)(sun)。 經(jing)檢(jian)(jian)查風險測(ce)量液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)泵(beng)(beng)(beng)(beng)(beng)(beng)(beng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)(li)(li)不(bu)僅僅為(wei)(wei)5-7MPa，明顯(xian)效(xiao)果(guo)低(di)(di)于傳(chuan)統液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)操(cao)作系統的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)額定輸出(chu)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)(li)(li)。拆卸(xie)(xie)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)泵(beng)(beng)(beng)(beng)(beng)(beng)(beng)后(hou)發現其(qi)中軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)套已(yi)(yi)(yi)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)損(sun)(sun)，低(di)(di)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)區(qu)泵(beng)(beng)(beng)(beng)(beng)(beng)(beng)殼內(nei)壁被由(you)此帶(dai)來(lai)可(ke)見，造(zao)成動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)臂(bei)帶(dai)載不(bu)能(neng)全面提(ti)(ti)升的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主要原(yuan)因(yin)(yin)為(wei)(wei)： 一(yi). 液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)泵(beng)(beng)(beng)(beng)(beng)(beng)(beng)嚴重(zhong)(zhong)減少磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)損(sun)(sun)。在(zai)低(di)(di)速(su)(su)穩定運(yun)轉時泵(beng)(beng)(beng)(beng)(beng)(beng)(beng)內(nei)泄漏污染嚴重(zhong)(zhong);高(gao)速(su)(su)高(gao)效(xiao)運(yun)轉時，泵(beng)(beng)(beng)(beng)(beng)(beng)(beng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)(li)(li)方面稍有(you)改(gai)善提(ti)(ti)高(gao)，但由(you)于泵(beng)(beng)(beng)(beng)(beng)(beng)(beng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)損(sun)(sun)及(ji)內(nei)泄，容(rong)(rong)積效(xiao)率非常(chang)顯(xian)著成績下降，很難真正達到預期額定運(yun)行(xing)(xing)(xing)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)(li)(li)。液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)泵(beng)(beng)(beng)(beng)(beng)(beng)(beng)長時間教學工作又加(jia)(jia)(jia)劇了磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)損(sun)(sun)，油(you)(you)(you)溫升高(gao)，由(you)此可(ke)能(neng)造(zao)成中國液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)設(she)備(bei)元(yuan)件表面磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)損(sun)(sun)及(ji)密封件的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)老化(hua)(hua)、損(sun)(sun)壞(huai)，喪失或(huo)者密封處理能(neng)力(li)(li)(li)(li)，液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)油(you)(you)(you)變(bian)(bian)質(zhi)，最后(hou)也是(shi)(shi)(shi)導致(zhi)這些故障事件發生(sheng)。
