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卡特挖掘機施工過程中突然出現整機各動作均異常緩慢

2019/2/28

CAT320B型(xing)(xing)挖(wa)(wa)掘機(ji)在(zai)施工過程中突然(ran)出現(xian)(xian)整機(ji)各人動(dong)作均異常緩(huan)慢(man)（如(ru)空(kong)載回轉(zhuan)一(yi)(yi)圈需13s）的(de)(de)現(xian)(xian)象(xiang)，而滿負(fu)荷(he)運轉(zhuan)時，發(fa)動(dong)機(ji)轉(zhuan)速(su)正常，煙色也(ye)(ye)正常。針對故障(zhang)現(xian)(xian)象(xiang)進行分析后，挖(wa)(wa)掘機(ji)維修基本(ben)上可以排除來自發(fa)動(dong)機(ji)的(de)(de)原(yuan)因，斷(duan)定故障(zhang)出自液(ye)壓(ya)系(xi)統，可能(neng)是(shi)因液(ye)壓(ya)泵自身的(de)(de)機(ji)械故障(zhang)造內泄嚴重，也(ye)(ye)可能(neng)是(shi)系(xi)統壓(ya)力(li)不夠(gou)。別外，也(ye)(ye)可能(neng)是(shi)功率(lv)模(mo)式(shi)設(she)定不正確。320B型(xing)(xing)液(ye)壓(ya)挖(wa)(wa)掘機(ji)設(she)計有3種不同的(de)(de)功率(lv)模(mo)式(shi)：重載模(mo)式(shi)、普通(tong)模(mo)式(shi)，以及精細(xi)(xi)模(mo)式(shi)。液(ye)村系(xi)統所(suo)吸收(shou)的(de)(de)發(fa)動(dong)機(ji)功率(lv)分別是(shi)100%、90%和75%，如(ru)果將(jiang)功率(lv)模(mo)式(shi)設(she)置在(zai)精細(xi)(xi)模(mo)式(shi)，就有可能(neng)造成(cheng)機(ji)器的(de)(de)動(dong)作緩(huan)慢(man)。挖(wa)(wa)掘機(ji)修理先(xian)(xian)導(dao)(dao)泵是(shi)為先(xian)(xian)導(dao)(dao)系(xi)統提(ti)供壓(ya)力(li)油的(de)(de)，先(xian)(xian)導(dao)(dao)系(xi)統的(de)(de)作用之一(yi)(yi)就是(shi)控(kong)制主油路，使(shi)之完成(cheng)相應的(de)(de)動(dong)作。
如果該系(xi)(xi)統(tong)出(chu)現(xian)故(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)。先導系(xi)(xi)統(tong)統(tong)壓力過低，使(shi)先導油無法對(dui)主(zhu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)閥進行相(xiang)應的控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)或主(zhu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)閥閥芯行程過小，從(cong)而使(shi)主(zhu)油路流量不足，也可(ke)(ke)能(neng)導致機(ji)(ji)(ji)器動(dong)(dong)作(zuo)過緩。主(zhu)泵電(dian)子控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)如果出(chu)現(xian)故(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)，也可(ke)(ke)引起(qi)上(shang)述整機(ji)(ji)(ji)的故(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)現(xian)象，對(dui)此，可(ke)(ke)按(an)附(fu)圖排查。電(dian)子控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)通過主(zhu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)器來控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)主(zhu)液壓泵從(cong)發(fa)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)吸(xi)收的功(gong)(gong)率，使(shi)發(fa)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)輸出(chu)功(gong)(gong)率與液壓泵吸(xi)收的功(gong)(gong)率相(xiang)匹配，以適應不同的工(gong)作(zuo)環境。維修挖掘機(ji)(ji)(ji)電(dian)子控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)的主(zhu)要(yao)功(gong)(gong)能(neng)是：當機(ji)(ji)(ji)器負(fu)(fu)(fu)載很大時(shi)，系(xi)(xi)統(tong)使(shi)液壓泵有較大的排量，使(shi)之輸出(chu)與發(fa)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)相(xiang)匹配的最(zui)大功(gong)(gong)率；根據負(fu)(fu)(fu)載情(qing)況，系(xi)(xi)統(tong)有3種不同的功(gong)(gong)率模式，將液壓泵的輸出(chu)功(gong)(gong)率控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)在最(zui)佳狀態，減(jian)少(shao)燃油消耗；空載或負(fu)(fu)(fu)荷(he)很小時(shi)，系(xi)(xi)統(tong)自(zi)動(dong)(dong)降低發(fa)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)的轉(zhuan)速并使(shi)主(zhu)泵排量減(jian)至最(zui)小。
可達(da)到(dao)節(jie)能、降耗(hao)且降低噪聲。電子(zi)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)工(gong)作(zuo)過程：電子(zi)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)(yao)部件(jian)——主(zhu)(zhu)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)器(qi)(qi)接收來自各方面的(de)(de)輸入信(xin)(xin)號(hao)（如，油門(men)(men)旋鈕的(de)(de)位(wei)置(zhi)、監(jian)控(kong)(kong)器(qi)(qi)設(she)置(zhi)功率模式、主(zhu)(zhu)泵(beng)(beng)壓力傳(chuan)(chuan)感(gan)器(qi)(qi)傳(chuan)(chuan)回(hui)的(de)(de)壓力信(xin)(xin)號(hao)、油門(men)(men)馬達(da)的(de)(de)位(wei)置(zhi)傳(chuan)(chuan)回(hui)的(de)(de)壓力信(xin)(xin)號(hao)、油門(men)(men)馬達(da)的(de)(de)位(wei)置(zhi)傳(chuan)(chuan)感(gan)器(qi)(qi)信(xin)(xin)號(hao)，以(yi)(yi)及發(fa)動(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)速度(du)傳(chuan)(chuan)感(gan)器(qi)(qi)信(xin)(xin)號(hao)等）。修(xiu)理挖掘機(ji)(ji)(ji)主(zhu)(zhu)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)器(qi)(qi)處理這(zhe)些輸入信(xin)(xin)號(hao)后，輸出(chu)指(zhi)令(ling)給發(fa)動(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)油門(men)(men)馬達(da)和(he)(he)主(zhu)(zhu)液壓泵(beng)(beng)的(de)(de)主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)(yao)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)部件(jian)——比例減壓閥。油門(men)(men)馬達(da)的(de)(de)相應動(dong)作(zuo)可以(yi)(yi)改變發(fa)動(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)轉速，而比例減壓閥的(de)(de)動(dong)作(zuo)則可調節(jie)泵(beng)(beng)的(de)(de)排量，二者(zhe)(zhe)在主(zhu)(zhu)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)下，使發(fa)動(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)和(he)(he)液壓系(xi)統(tong)(tong)達(da)到(dao)最佳匹配。因此，只要(yao)(yao)電子(zi)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)任何部位(wei)出(chu)現(xian)問題(ti)，都(dou)可能使機(ji)(ji)(ji)器(qi)(qi)無常(chang)工(gong)作(zuo)。液壓泵(beng)(beng)自身(shen)調節(jie)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)有(you)故(gu)障，可能是液壓泵(beng)(beng)調節(jie)器(qi)(qi)或者(zhe)(zhe)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)信(xin)(xin)號(hao)油壓出(chu)現(xian)故(gu)障所(suo)致。
排除故障(zhang)的(de)(de)方法是，根據上(shang)述分析，依次進(jin)行(xing)了相應的(de)(de)檢(jian)查(cha)。大家知道，如果(guo)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)系統有故障(zhang)，不能再輕(qing)易在啟(qi)(qi)動發動機(ji)，因(yin)為(wei)那樣就有可(ke)能造成某些液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)部件(jian)進(jin)一(yi)步地損壞(huai)，從(cong)而污(wu)染整(zheng)個液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)系統。故首先(xian)檢(jian)查(cha)了液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)油(you)(you)(you)箱的(de)(de)油(you)(you)(you)位，發現(xian)油(you)(you)(you)位正(zheng)(zheng)常；進(jin)而取出(chu)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)油(you)(you)(you)箱中的(de)(de)主回(hui)油(you)(you)(you)濾芯以及殼體泄油(you)(you)(you)濾芯和先(xian)導油(you)(you)(you)濾芯，并(bing)逐一(yi)剖開檢(jian)查(cha)，看(kan)是否(fou)有銅屑等異(yi)物，檢(jian)查(cha)結果(guo)是3個濾清器(qi)均正(zheng)(zheng)常。于是，裝(zhuang)上(shang)新(xin)(xin)的(de)(de)濾芯，啟(qi)(qi)動發動機(ji)并(bing)以怠速運轉，傾聽液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)泵的(de)(de)聲音，結果(guo)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)泵并(bing)無異(yi)響(xiang)；再測量系統壓(ya)(ya)(ya)力，得到(dao)主安全閥的(de)(de)溢流(liu)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)力為(wei)34.3MPa，即(ji)系統壓(ya)(ya)(ya)力正(zheng)(zheng)常。因(yin)此(ci)，可(ke)排除液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)泵出(chu)現(xian)機(ji)械損壞(huai)的(de)(de)結論。重新(xin)(xin)設(she)置功率(lv)模式于重載模式，試機(ji)，動作依然緩慢(man)，以此(ci)可(ke)以排除因(yin)功率(lv)模式設(she)置不正(zheng)(zheng)確而出(chu)現(xian)故障(zhang)的(de)(de)可(ke)能原因(yin)。
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