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挖掘機維修保養的兩個基本原則

2019/9/11



  現(xian)在挖掘機的使(shi)用越來越普(pu)遍，建筑、采礦等行業都離不開它。維修挖掘機精通(tong)十幾種進口(kou)挖(wa)掘(jue)機(ji)的維(wei)修(xiu)知識，包括(kuo)技術參(can)數(shu)(shu)、維(wei)修(xiu)數(shu)(shu)據、結構特點、液壓原理(li)圖(tu)(tu)、電器原理(li)圖(tu)(tu)和故(gu)障診斷(duan)方(fang)法(fa)等(deng)對挖(wa)掘(jue)機(ji)實行定期(qi)維(wei)護(hu)維(wei)護(hu)，可(ke)以減(jian)少(shao)機(ji)器的故(gu)障，減(jian)少(shao)挖(wa)掘(jue)機(ji)維(wei)護(hu)修(xiu)理(li)成本(ben)，提高工作效率(efficiency)和經濟效益(Economic performance)(benefit)。那(nei)么日常的保養該從(cong)哪(na)些方(fang)面(mian)著(zhu)手(shou)呢？一(yi)般來講(jiang)，工程(Engineering)機(ji)械維(wei)修(xiu)主要包括(kuo)(bāo kuò)以下(xia)兩個方(fang)面(mian)。


    第一(yi)，做(zuo)好(hao)燃油(you)(you)、其(qi)他(ta)用(yong)油(you)(you)和(he)潤滑(hua)油(you)(you)(Lubricating oil)的選用(yong)和(he)管理(li)(guǎn lǐ)。維修挖掘機精通十幾種進口挖(wa)(wa)掘(jue)(jue)機(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)維修知識，包(bao)括技術參數、維修數據、結(jie)構特(te)點(dian)、液(ye)壓(ya)(ya)原理圖、電器原理圖和故障(zhang)診(zhen)斷方法等挖(wa)(wa)掘(jue)(jue)機(ji)工(gong)作環(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)改變(bian)了，意味著選(xuan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)燃(ran)(ran)(ran)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)也要(yao)改變(bian)，要(yao)根據不(bu)(bu)(bu)同(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)環(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)溫(wen)度(du)（temperature)選(xuan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)不(bu)(bu)(bu)同(tong)(tong)牌(pai)號的(de)(de)(de)(de)、質(zhi)量(liang)合格的(de)(de)(de)(de)燃(ran)(ran)(ran)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)，以免劣質(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)燃(ran)(ran)(ran)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)石(shi)蠟與硫的(de)(de)(de)(de)含量(liang)高，對(dui)發動機(ji)產生損(sun)害(hai)；柴油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)要(yao)保(bao)持(chi)清潔無(wu)污染，不(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)混(hun)入雜(za)質(zhi)、灰土(tu)與水(shui)，否則將(jiang)使燃(ran)(ran)(ran)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)泵過早磨損(sun)（零部(bu)件(jian)失效的(de)(de)(de)(de)一種基本類型(xing)）；每日(ri)作業前打開(kai)燃(ran)(ran)(ran)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)箱底的(de)(de)(de)(de)放水(shui)閥(fa)放水(shui)，作業完后燃(ran)(ran)(ran)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)箱要(yao)加滿燃(ran)(ran)(ran)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)，防(fang)(fang)止油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)箱內(nei)壁產生水(shui)滴。其它用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)包(bao)括(bāo kuò)發動機(ji)機(ji)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)、液(ye)壓(ya)(ya)（hydraulic)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)、齒(chi)輪（Gear）油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)等。這些(xie)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)選(xuan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)和貯藏(zang)也同(tong)(tong)燃(ran)(ran)(ran)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)同(tong)(tong)牌(pai)號和不(bu)(bu)(bu)同(tong)(tong)等級的(de)(de)(de)(de)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)不(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)混(hun)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)；要(yao)保(bao)證用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)清潔，防(fang)(fang)止雜(za)物(wu)混(hun)入；根據環(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)溫(wen)度(du)和用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)途選(xuan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)不(bu)(bu)(bu)同(tong)(tong)標號的(de)(de)(de)(de)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)，環(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)溫(wen)度(du)高，應選(xuan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)粘(zhan)(zhan)度(du)大(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)機(ji)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)，環(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)溫(wen)度(du)低應選(xuan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)粘(zhan)(zhan)度(du)相(xiang)對(dui)較(jiao)(jiao)小的(de)(de)(de)(de)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)；齒(chi)輪油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)粘(zhan)(zhan)度(du)相(xiang)對(dui)較(jiao)(jiao)大(da)，以適應較(jiao)(jiao)大(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)傳(chuan)動負(fu)載(zai)；液(ye)壓(ya)(ya)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)粘(zhan)(zhan)度(du)相(xiang)對(dui)較(jiao)(jiao)小，以最大(da)化減(jian)少液(ye)體流動阻力。潤(run)滑油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)（黃油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)）的(de)(de)(de)(de)作用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)是使物(wu)體表面摩擦力減(jian)小，從而減(jian)少運動表面的(de)(de)(de)(de)磨損(sun)，防(fang)(fang)止出現(xian)噪聲。潤(run)滑脂存放保(bao)管(guan)時，同(tong)(tong)樣要(yao)主要(yao)保(bao)持(chi)清潔，不(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)其它雜(za)質(zhi)，比(bi)如灰塵、沙粒等；推(tui)薦選(xuan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)鋰基型(xing)潤(run)滑脂G2-L1,其抗磨能(neng)(neng)(neng)好，適用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)重載(zai)情況(Condition)；加注時，要(yao)盡量(liang)將(jiang)舊(jiu)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)全部(bu)擠出并(bing)擦干(gan)凈，防(fang)(fang)止沙土(tu)粘(zhan)(zhan)附。


    第二，做好濾(lv)芯(Filter)的保養。維修挖掘機挖掘機(ji)(ji)的(de)結構原理、拆卸(xie)和(he)安裝 方法(fa)、故障診斷和(he)排(pai)除方法(fa)，尤其對使用中(zhong)帶普遍性和(he)典型性的(de)故障診斷、排(pai)除方法(fa)以(yi)及挖掘機(ji)(ji)零(ling)部件的(de)拆裝。濾(lv)(lv)芯(xin)(xin)的(de)作用是(shi)過濾(lv)(lv)油路或氣路中(zhong)雜(za)質，阻止(zhi)雜(za)質侵入系(xi)統內部而造(zao)成故障（fault）；使用符合機(ji)(ji)器規定的(de)純正濾(lv)(lv)芯(xin)(xin)；各種(zhong)濾(lv)(lv)芯(xin)(xin)要按照（操作保養手冊）的(de)要求(qiu)定期更(geng)換，更(geng)換濾(lv)(lv)芯(xin)(xin)時，應(ying)巡查是(shi)否有金屬(shu)附在舊濾(lv)(lv)芯(xin)(xin)上(shang)，如發現有金屬(shu)顆粒，應(ying)及時診斷和(he)采(cai)取改善措施。


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