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挖掘機維修電噴柴油機低怠速運轉不穩定的 原因

2019/11/21

1。挖掘機維修分(fen)別為更換配件(jian)、純維(wei)修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)配件(jian)、根(gen)據(ju)功能改(gai)修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)，維(wei)護和恢復，維(wei)護、保養、修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)理(li)。提高(gao)挖(wa)(wa)掘機(ji)修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)理(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)技術和質量，通(tong)(tong)過(guo)對現(xian)代信息技術的(de)(de)(de)(de)使用，在維(wei)修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)檢驗(yan)一條龍的(de)(de)(de)(de)基(ji)礎上(shang)(shang)，形(xing)成(cheng)完善的(de)(de)(de)(de)挖(wa)(wa)掘機(ji)修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)理(li)行業(ye)服務鏈條。 挖(wa)(wa)掘（excavate)機(ji)維(wei)修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)供油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)系(xi)統(tong)工作原理(li) R944C 型挖(wa)(wa)掘機(ji)配裝了(le)單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)泵(beng)(beng)(beng)、高(gao)壓管、噴(pen)(pen)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)器組成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de) 供油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)系(xi)統(tong)（簡稱 PLD 供油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)系(xi)統(tong)）。柴油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)機(ji)凸(tu)輪(lun)軸帶動(dong)(dong)(dong)進、排氣門(men)運動(dong)(dong)(dong)的(de)(de)(de)(de) 同(tong)時(shi)(shi)(shi)，帶動(dong)(dong)(dong)單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)泵(beng)(beng)(beng)挺柱(zhu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)作。凸(tu)輪(lun)轉動(dong)(dong)(dong)時(shi)(shi)(shi)，頂動(dong)(dong)(dong)單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)泵(beng)(beng)(beng)挺柱(zhu)上(shang)(shang)行，由挺柱(zhu)推動(dong)(dong)(dong)單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)泵(beng)(beng)(beng)柱(zhu)塞(sai)上(shang)(shang)移動(dong)(dong)(dong)。控制器（ECU）根(gen)據(ju)柴油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)機(ji)轉速(su)傳感(gan)器(transducer)輸(shu)送(song)的(de)(de)(de)(de) 電信號，控制單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)泵(beng)(beng)(beng)上(shang)(shang)部(bu)回(hui)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)封(feng)閉(bi)(bi)(bi)閥(fa)的(de)(de)(de)(de) 電磁(ci)(ci)線圈(quan)通(tong)(tong)電與斷電，進而(er)控制回(hui)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)封(feng)閉(bi)(bi)(bi)閥(fa)開(kai)、閉(bi)(bi)(bi)。回(hui)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)封(feng)閉(bi)(bi)(bi)閥(fa)封(feng)閉(bi)(bi)(bi)時(shi)(shi)(shi)段燃油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)增壓，當燃油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)壓力(li)達到噴(pen)(pen)射壓力(li)后，經噴(pen)(pen)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)器將燃油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)噴(pen)(pen)入燃燒室，從而(er)實現(xian)柴油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)機(ji)運轉。該型挖(wa)(wa)掘機(ji)柴油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)機(ji)供油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)系(xi)統(tong)如圖 1 所示。回(hui)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)封(feng)閉(bi)(bi)(bi)閥(fa)安裝在單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)泵(beng)(beng)(beng)的(de)(de)(de)(de) 上(shang)(shang)部(bu)，其(qi)電磁(ci)(ci)線圈(quan)通(tong)(tong)電持續時(shi)(shi)(shi)間決(jue)定了(le)單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)泵(beng)(beng)(beng)供油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)量。電磁(ci)(ci)線圈(quan)斷電時(shi)(shi)(shi)，單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)泵(beng)(beng)(beng)回(hui)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)道打開(kai)，單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)泵(beng)(beng)(beng)內的(de)(de)(de)(de) 柱(zhu)塞(sai)即使已開(kai)始(shi)泵(beng)(beng)(beng)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)，也不能建立高(gao)壓。只有當電磁(ci)(ci)閥(fa)通(tong)(tong)電、回(hui)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)道關(guan)閉(bi)(bi)(bi)時(shi)(shi)(shi)，油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)壓才(cai)可(ke)迅速(su)升高(gao)，高(gao)壓燃油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)經過(guo)高(gao)壓油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)管進入噴(pen)(pen)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)器使其(qi)噴(pen)(pen)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)。電磁(ci)(ci)線圈(quan)斷電時(shi)(shi)(shi)回(hui)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)道打開(kai)，單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)泵(beng)(beng)(beng)迅速(su)溢流卸壓，供油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)停止。單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)泵(beng)(beng)(beng)工作循(xun)環如圖

2 所(suo)示(shi)，單體泵四個工作行程如下所(suo)述。挖掘機維修對進(jin)口挖(wa)掘機液(ye)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)系(xi)(xi)統介(jie)紹得全面(mian)、系(xi)(xi)統、具體(ti)。比較詳細地介(jie)紹了(le) 液(ye)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)系(xi)(xi)統中的泵、閥(fa)(fa)、馬達、液(ye)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)缸以及(ji)輔助元件的結構與(yu)工作(zuo)原(yuan)理,并詳細地敘述了(le)各部 件的拆(chai)卸(xie)和維修(xiu)安裝方法。在(zai)各機型中,還系(xi)(xi)統地介(jie)紹了(le)電(dian)子控制系(xi)(xi)統和故障診斷與(yu)排除 方法。吸入行(xing)程： 凸(tu)(tu)輪(lun)轉(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)時(shi)帶(dai)動(dong)(dong)柱(zhu)(zhu)塞(sai)(sai)下行(xing)，使輸(shu)油(you)(you)(you)泵(Deep well pump)來油(you)(you)(you)經(jing)回(hui)油(you)(you)(you)封(feng)閉(bi)閥(fa)(fa)進(jin)入柱(zhu)(zhu)塞(sai)(sai)腔(qiang)。預壓(ya)(ya)(ya)行(xing)程： 凸(tu)(tu)輪(lun)帶(dai)動(dong)(dong)柱(zhu)(zhu)塞(sai)(sai)上行(xing)，給柱(zhu)(zhu)塞(sai)(sai)腔(qiang)中的 燃(ran)油(you)(you)(you)加壓(ya)(ya)(ya)。此時(shi)回(hui)油(you)(you)(you)封(feng)閉(bi)閥(fa)(fa)未關閉(bi)，柱(zhu)(zhu)塞(sai)(sai)腔(qiang)中的 燃(ran)油(you)(you)(you)保持低(di)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)狀態(tai)。輸(shu)出行(xing)程： 凸(tu)(tu)輪(lun)繼續帶(dai)動(dong)(dong)柱(zhu)(zhu)塞(sai)(sai)上行(xing)，此時(shi)電(dian)磁(ci)線圈(winding)得電(dian)，使回(hui)油(you)(you)(you)封(feng)閉(bi)閥(fa)(fa)關閉(bi)，柱(zhu)(zhu)塞(sai)(sai)腔(qiang)燃(ran)油(you)(you)(you)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)升高(gao)。當燃(ran)油(you)(you)(you)到達噴(pen)射壓(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)時(shi)，噴(pen)油(you)(you)(you)器噴(pen)油(you)(you)(you)。泄(xie)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)行(xing)程： 凸(tu)(tu)輪(lun)繼續轉(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)，帶(dai)動(dong)(dong)柱(zhu)(zhu)塞(sai)(sai)上行(xing)，此時(shi)電(dian)磁(ci)線圈已斷電(dian)，噴(pen)油(you)(you)(you)結束，回(hui)油(you)(you)(you)封(feng)閉(bi)閥(fa)(fa)打開，柱(zhu)(zhu)塞(sai)(sai)腔(qiang)泄(xie)油(you)(you)(you)。

　　2。 挖掘機(ji)(ji)(ji)修理故障(zhang)排查首先，檢查柴(chai)油(you)(you)機(ji)(ji)(ji)空氣濾(lv)清器(qi)(qi)(qi)無堵(du)塞(dǔ sè)，增(zeng)壓器(qi)(qi)(qi)運(yun)行(xing)正(zheng)常，中(zhong)冷正(zheng)常。其次，使用(yong)專用(yong) SCULI 軟件檢查柴(chai)油(you)(you)機(ji)(ji)(ji)供(gong)油(you)(you)情況，發現(xian)(xian)柴(chai)油(you)(you)機(ji)(ji)(ji)低怠(dai)速運(yun)轉(zhuan)過(guo)程中(zhong)供(gong)油(you)(you)量(liang)在(zai)不斷變化，由此(ci)確定該柴(chai)油(you)(you)機(ji)(ji)(ji)供(gong)油(you)(you)系(xi)統(tong)存(cun)在(zai)故障(zhang)。后，檢查柴(chai)油(you)(you)機(ji)(ji)(ji)轉(zhuan)速傳感器(qi)(qi)(qi)、柴(chai)油(you)(you)機(ji)(ji)(ji)控制器(qi)(qi)(qi)（ECU）、柴(chai)油(you)(you)濾(lv)清器(qi)(qi)(qi)、輸油(you)(you)泵、噴油(you)(you)器(qi)(qi)(qi)以及供(gong)油(you)(you)管路(lu)均未發現(xian)(xian)問題。但是(shi)在(zai)更換新的 單(dan)體(ti)泵后，發現(xian)(xian)柴(chai)油(you)(you)機(ji)(ji)(ji)低怠(dai)速運(yun)轉(zhuan)穩定，且“嗡、嗡”異(yi)響消失。由此(ci)判定該故障(zhang)是(shi)單(dan)體(ti)泵磨損所致(zhi)。

　　3。修理挖掘機對挖掘機(ji)進(jin)行(xing)定(ding)(ding)期的(de)(de)(de)車輛清潔，部件檢(jian)查潤滑以(yi)及對受(shou)損(sun)(sun)零件的(de)(de)(de)更換(huan)和維修(xiu)等內(nei)容，主要的(de)(de)(de)目的(de)(de)(de)就(jiu)是為(wei)了有效地保證(zheng)挖掘機(ji)的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)作(zuo)效果和良(liang)好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)技(ji)術(shu)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)態，避免出現(xian)(xian)由于零部件損(sun)(sun)耗而導(dao)致的(de)(de)(de)故(gu)(gu)障(zhang)發(fa)生，為(wei)人們(men)的(de)(de)(de)安全提供良(liang)好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)保障(zhang)。 維修(xiu)挖掘（excavate)機(ji)原(yuan)因(yin)分析(Analyse)分析認為(wei)，柴(chai)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)機(ji)低怠(dai)(dai)速(su)(su)時轉(zhuan)(zhuan)速(su)(su)不(bu)穩(wen)(wen)定(ding)(ding)故(gu)(gu)障(zhang)，原(yuan)因(yin)是供油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)量(liang)(liang)（噴油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)量(liang)(liang)）不(bu)穩(wen)(wen)定(ding)(ding)。而供油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)量(liang)(liang)不(bu)穩(wen)(wen)的(de)(de)(de) 根源是單體(ti)泵(beng)(beng)存在故(gu)(gu)障(zhang)，其發(fa)生故(gu)(gu)障(zhang)的(de)(de)(de) 部位(wei)(wei)可(ke)能有 2 處：一是柱(zhu)(zhu)塞腔(qiang)產(chan)(chan)生燃油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)泄(xie)漏(lou)(lou)，二是電(dian)磁線圈(quan)(winding)控制(zhi)（control)的(de)(de)(de) 回(hui)(hui)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)封(feng)閉閥(fa)(fa)產(chan)(chan)生燃油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)泄(xie)漏(lou)(lou)。單體(ti)泵(beng)(beng)安裝在柴(chai)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)機(ji)缸體(ti)上(shang)，其柱(zhu)(zhu)塞腔(qiang)下(xia)側位(wei)(wei)于凸輪上(shang)方。若(ruo)柱(zhu)(zhu)塞嚴(yan)重(zhong)磨損(sun)(sun)，將(jiang)導(dao)致柴(chai)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)進(jin)入缸體(ti)內(nei)的(de)(de)(de) 機(ji)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)當中。由于現(xian)(xian)場巡查時未(wei)發(fa)現(xian)(xian)柴(chai)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)機(ji)機(ji)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)變質、油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)位(wei)(wei)升高等現(xian)(xian)象，因(yin)此(ci)可(ke)以(yi)判(pan)定(ding)(ding)柱(zhu)(zhu)塞腔(qiang)不(bu)存在泄(xie)漏(lou)(lou)故(gu)(gu)障(zhang)。單體(ti)泵(beng)(beng)回(hui)(hui)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)封(feng)閉閥(fa)(fa)受(shou)電(dian)磁線圈(quan)控制(zhi)，柴(chai)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)機(ji)運(yun)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)時，回(hui)(hui)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)封(feng)閉閥(fa)(fa)需(xu)高速(su)(su)封(feng)閉和打開(kai)(kai)。回(hui)(hui)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)封(feng)閉閥(fa)(fa)的(de)(de)(de) 高速(su)(su)開(kai)(kai)閉的(de)(de)(de) 往復運(yun)動會產(chan)(chan)生頻繁摩擦，若(ruo)柴(chai)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)質量(liang)(liang)不(bu)好(hao)將(jiang)造(zao)成其磨損(sun)(sun)。回(hui)(hui)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)封(feng)閉閥(fa)(fa)磨損(sun)(sun)嚴(yan)重(zhong)后(hou)，必然導(dao)致燃油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)產(chan)(chan)生內(nei)泄(xie)漏(lou)(lou)。經拆檢(jian) 4 個單體(ti)泵(beng)(beng)回(hui)(hui)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)封(feng)閉閥(fa)(fa)，發(fa)現(xian)(xian)其進(jin)、出油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)口均已(yi)嚴(yan)重(zhong)磨損(sun)(sun)，不(bu)能起到密封(feng)作(zuo)用。單體(ti)泵(beng)(beng)回(hui)(hui)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)封(feng)閉閥(fa)(fa)泄(xie)漏(lou)(lou)位(wei)(wei)置如圖 3 所示(shi)。單體(ti)泵(beng)(beng)回(hui)(hui)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)封(feng)閉閥(fa)(fa)的(de)(de)(de) 內(nei)泄(xie)漏(lou)(lou)，造(zao)成柴(chai)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)機(ji)在低怠(dai)(dai)速(su)(su)運(yun)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)態下(xia)供油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)量(liang)(liang)不(bu)足，即轉(zhuan)(zhuan)速(su)(su)不(bu)穩(wen)(wen)定(ding)(ding)。而柴(chai)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)機(ji)在高怠(dai)(dai)速(su)(su)或工(gong)作(zuo)速(su)(su)度狀(zhuang)(zhuang)態下(xia)之所以(yi)運(yun)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)穩(wen)(wen)定(ding)(ding)，是因(yin)為(wei)柴(chai)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)機(ji)在轉(zhuan)(zhuan)速(su)(su)提高后(hou)，供油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)量(liang)(liang)也相應增大，此(ci)時單體(ti)泵(beng)(beng)回(hui)(hui)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)封(feng)閉閥(fa)(fa)的(de)(de)(de) 內(nei)泄(xie)漏(lou)(lou)對柴(chai)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)機(ji)運(yun)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)的(de)(de)(de) 影響減小。

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