目前，國內企業使用的大型機械液壓挖掘機大多是通過國外一些知名品牌廠家的產品，這些不同廠家向用戶可以提供的使用情況說明書中都需要詳細地規定了液壓控制系統等用油的黏度等級、質量安全等級、適用法律環境設計溫度分布范圍，甚至社會生產制造廠家等，因此，用戶信息應當積極認真研究學習并掌握我們這些國家有關教學內容，否則，很可能就會造成學生不良行為后果。挖掘機修理最初挖掘機是手動的，從發明到現在已經有一百三十多年了，期間經歷了由蒸汽驅動斗回轉挖掘機到電力驅動和內燃機驅動回轉挖掘機、應用機電液一體化技術的全自動液壓挖掘機的逐步發展過程。修理挖掘機常見的挖掘機結構包括，動力裝置，工作裝置，回轉機構，操縱機構，傳動機構，行走機構和輔助設施等。挖掘機維修最重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)三(san)個(ge)參數(shu)(shu)：操作(zuo)重(zhong)量(liang)（質量(liang)），發(fa)(fa)動機(ji)(ji)功(gong)(gong)率和鏟斗斗容(rong)。 　　例如(ru)，德國(guo)(guo)與國(guo)(guo)內(nei)某(mou)廠(chang)合(he)作(zuo)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)生(sheng)產(chan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)長挖982型(xing)(xing)(xing)挖掘(jue)機(ji)(ji)，投(tou)入資(zi)金(jin)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)第一(yi)個(ge)夏(xia)(xia)季就遇到(dao)了(le)一(yi)個(ge)持續40℃以(yi)上的(de)(de)(de)(de)高(gao)(gao)(gao)溫(wen)期(qi)，液壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)操作(zuo)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)主要(yao)(yao)工(gong)作(zuo)1h左(zuo)右油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)溫(wen)就超過(guo)了(le) 100℃，不但沒有嚴重(zhong)影響了(le)教育工(gong)作(zuo)時(shi)間(jian)進度(du)(du)，還對生(sheng)態系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)功(gong)(gong)能元件造(zao)成(cheng)了(le)損(sun)壞。經查(cha)實，其原因(yin)是由于(yu)設(she)(she)備資(zi)源管理(li)會計(ji)人員(yuan)不能忽(hu)視了(le)對夏(xia)(xia)季提高(gao)(gao)(gao)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)分(fen)析用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)戶能夠提供的(de)(de)(de)(de)說明(ming)(ming)(ming)書(shu)中(zhong)又(you)(you)未(wei)說明(ming)(ming)(ming)對夏(xia)(xia)季系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)工(gong)程用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)核查(cha)，同時(shi)經濟合(he)作(zuo)公司(si)生(sheng)產(chan)經營廠(chang)家(jia)向用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)戶需求提供的(de)(de)(de)(de)說明(ming)(ming)(ming)書(shu)中(zhong)又(you)(you)未(wei)說明(ming)(ming)(ming)對夏(xia)(xia)季高(gao)(gao)(gao)溫(wen)期(qi)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)(yao)求(只注(zhu)(zhu)明(ming)(ming)(ming)了(le)常溫(wen)下用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)黏(nian)(nian)(nian)度(du)(du)等(deng)(deng)(deng)級(ji))。當(dang)換用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)了(le)VG100液壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)后，該(gai)問題(ti)應(ying)該(gai)立(li)(li)即處理(li)得到(dao)了(le)解(jie)決。 　　(2)黏(nian)(nian)(nian)度(du)(du)指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)數(shu)(shu)(VI) 　　該(gai)指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)標(biao)較(jiao)直接地方式(shi)反映了(le)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)品黏(nian)(nian)(nian)度(du)(du)隨溫(wen)度(du)(du)不斷變(bian)化而改(gai)變(bian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)性(xing)(xing)(xing)質，(即油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)黏(nian)(nian)(nian)溫(wen)特性(xing)(xing)(xing))，油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)黏(nian)(nian)(nian)度(du)(du)指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)數(shu)(shu)相(xiang)對較(jiao)高(gao)(gao)(gao)，表示(shi)該(gai)種油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)黏(nian)(nian)(nian)度(du)(du)隨溫(wen)度(du)(du)發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)變(bian)化而改(gai)變(bian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)程度(du)(du)普遍較(jiao)小;反之，較(jiao)大(da)。國(guo)(guo)外許多知名廠(chang)家(jia)(如(ru)美孚、殼牌等(deng)(deng)(deng))的(de)(de)(de)(de)抗磨(mo)液壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)黏(nian)(nian)(nian)度(du)(du)指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)數(shu)(shu)均為VI≥110，國(guo)(guo)產(chan)高(gao)(gao)(gao)級(ji)抗磨(mo)液壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)黏(nian)(nian)(nian)度(du)(du)指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)數(shu)(shu)VI=95左(zuo)右。而國(guo)(guo)外農業生(sheng)產(chan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)的(de)(de)(de)(de)高(gao)(gao)(gao)黏(nian)(nian)(nian)度(du)(du)指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)數(shu)(shu)液壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(HV)和多級(ji)發(fa)(fa)動機(ji)(ji)機(ji)(ji)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)黏(nian)(nian)(nian)度(du)(du)指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)數(shu)(shu)均為VI國(guo)(guo)內(nei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)此燈油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)則達不到(dao)該(gai)水平。這(zhe)(zhe)一(yi)點我國(guo)(guo)對于(yu)中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)這(zhe)(zhe)種大(da)型(xing)(xing)(xing)進口(kou)液壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)挖掘(jue)機(ji)(ji)而采用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)傳統(tong)(tong)國(guo)(guo)產(chan)液壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(或(huo)將發(fa)(fa)動機(ji)(ji)機(ji)(ji)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)作(zuo)液壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong))的(de)(de)(de)(de)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)戶須特別值(zhi)得注(zhu)(zhu)意(yi)。黏(nian)(nian)(nian)度(du)(du)指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)數(shu)(shu)明(ming)(ming)(ming)顯降低將使(shi)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)所(suo)適應(ying)的(de)(de)(de)(de)環境保(bao)護溫(wen)度(du)(du)測量(liang)范圍(wei)逐漸(jian)縮小，若非使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)一(yi)種不可(ke)時(shi)，應(ying)向油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)品廠(chang)家(jia)查(cha)詢(xun)了(le)解(jie)相(xiang)關文獻資(zi)料，須對油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)能力(li)(li)范圍(wei)做適當(dang)合(he)理(li)調整，必要(yao)(yao)時(shi)教師還應(ying)努力(li)(li)改(gai)變(bian)網絡設(she)(she)備的(de)(de)(de)(de)相(xiang)關設(she)(she)定(ding)值(zhi)(如(ru)極限溫(wen)度(du)(du)等(deng)(deng)(deng))。 　　(3)其他因(yin)素綜(zong)合(he)材(cai)料性(xing)(xing)(xing)能 　　因(yin)現代(dai)城市大(da)型(xing)(xing)(xing)液壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)挖掘(jue)機(ji)(ji)液壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)驅動系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)作(zuo)生(sheng)活壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)保(bao)持較(jiao)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(≥32MPa)，允許液壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)最高(gao)(gao)(gao)政治工(gong)作(zuo)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)溫(wen)也較(jiao)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(90℃左(zuo)右)，所(suo)以(yi)他們為了(le)有效保(bao)證(zheng)在(zai)正常的(de)(de)(de)(de)換油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)周期(qi)內(nei)液壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)動力(li)(li)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)能正常開(kai)(kai)展(zhan)工(gong)作(zuo)，就要(yao)(yao)求為系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)所(suo)選(xuan)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)潤滑(hua)性(xing)(xing)(xing)、氧化安(an)定(ding)性(xing)(xing)(xing)、抗磨(mo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)、防銹防腐性(xing)(xing)(xing)、抗乳化性(xing)(xing)(xing)、抗泡性(xing)(xing)(xing)、抗剪(jian)切安(an)定(ding)性(xing)(xing)(xing)以(yi)及極壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)負荷性(xing)(xing)(xing)等(deng)(deng)(deng)方面形成(cheng)具有非常良好的(de)(de)(de)(de)品質。油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)這(zhe)(zhe)些方法綜(zong)合(he)應(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)性(xing)(xing)(xing)能可(ke)通過(guo)建立(li)(li)各(ge)種油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)液所(suo)滿足的(de)(de)(de)(de)國(guo)(guo)際(ji)市場質量(liang)評(ping)價標(biao)準來叛(pan)斷。例如(ru)，對柴油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)機(ji)(ji)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)質量(liang)評(ping)估(gu)等(deng)(deng)(deng)級(ji)制度(du)(du)標(biao)準有：API-CF-4、CF、CE、CCMC-D4、D5;SHPD-S3，MIL-L-2104E等(deng)(deng)(deng)。尤其當(dang)選(xuan)擇代(dai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)時(shi)，務必要(yao)(yao)注(zhu)(zhu)意(yi)是否滿足被代(dai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)標(biao)準的(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)(yao)求。否則，在(zai)設(she)(she)備開(kai)(kai)始使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)這(zhe)(zhe)個(ge)過(guo)程中(zhong)可(ke)因(yin)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)液質量(liang)不合(he)規范要(yao)(yao)求而出(chu)現財務系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)過(guo)熱、損(sun)壞元件等(deng)(deng)(deng)嚴重(zhong)污(wu)染問題(ti)。