液(ye)(ye)壓挖(wa)(wa)(wa)掘(jue)機(ji)(ji)修理作(zuo)(zuo)業(ye)操(cao)(cao)縱(zong)(zong)(zong)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)介紹，液(ye)(ye)壓挖(wa)(wa)(wa)掘(jue)機(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)(zuo)業(ye)操(cao)(cao)縱(zong)(zong)(zong)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)是用來完(wan)成挖(wa)(wa)(wa)掘(jue)作(zuo)(zuo)業(ye)中(zhong)各種動作(zuo)(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)操(cao)(cao)縱(zong)(zong)(zong)，它是挖(wa)(wa)(wa)掘(jue)機(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)操(cao)(cao)縱(zong)(zong)(zong)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)。液(ye)(ye)壓挖(wa)(wa)(wa)掘(jue)機(ji)(ji)挖(wa)(wa)(wa)掘(jue)作(zuo)(zuo)業(ye)過(guo)程中(zhong)主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)有鏟斗轉(zhuan)動、斗桿收放、動臂(bei)升(sheng)降(jiang)和轉(zhuan)臺回轉(zhuan)等四個動作(zuo)(zuo)。作(zuo)(zuo)業(ye)操(cao)(cao)縱(zong)(zong)(zong)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)中(zhong)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)油缸的(de)(de)(de)推拉和液(ye)(ye)壓馬(ma)達的(de)(de)(de)正、反轉(zhuan)，絕大多數是采用三位軸向移動式滑閥(fa)來控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)油液(ye)(ye)流動的(de)(de)(de)方向，而作(zuo)(zuo)業(ye)速度則(ze)是根據(ju)液(ye)(ye)壓系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)型(xing)式（定量系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)或(huo)變量系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)）和閥(fa)的(de)(de)(de)開度大小等由操(cao)(cao)作(zuo)(zuo)人(ren)員(yuan)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)或(huo)者通過(guo)輔助裝(zhuang)置來控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)。對液(ye)(ye)壓挖(wa)(wa)(wa)掘(jue)機(ji)(ji)作(zuo)(zuo)業(ye)操(cao)(cao)縱(zong)(zong)(zong)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)基本(ben)要(yao)(yao)求包括：（1）作(zuo)(zuo)業(ye)操(cao)(cao)縱(zong)(zong)(zong)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)要(yao)(yao)集(ji)中(zhong)布(bu)置在駕(jia)駛(shi)室內，并符合(he)人(ren)體機(ji)(ji)能(neng)學的(de)(de)(de)要(yao)(yao)求。例如，按男子(zi)160-180cm、女子(zi)150-170cm身(shen)高來設(she)計、布(bu)置操(cao)(cao)縱(zong)(zong)(zong)裝(zhuang)置及駕(jia)駛(shi)室。
（2）作(zuo)(zuo)業操(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)縱(zong)(zong)時的(de)(de)(de)啟動(dong)和(he)停止應平穩，并(bing)控制(zhi)其速度(du)和(he)力(li)量(liang)。可以(yi)同時控制(zhi)復合動(dong)作(zuo)(zuo)。（3）操(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)縱(zong)(zong)簡單，輕便和(he)直觀。一般手(shou)柄(bing)(bing)上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)操(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)作(zuo)(zuo)力(li)不超過(guo)40-60N，而單邊(bian)的(de)(de)(de)手(shou)柄(bing)(bing)操(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)作(zuo)(zuo)選種不超過(guo)17cm，轉動(dong)手(shou)柄(bing)(bing)的(de)(de)(de)轉角不超過(guo)35-40度(du)。腳(jiao)踏板轉動(dong)角度(du)不超過(guo)60-70度(du)。踏板行(xing)程在(zai)6-20cm范圍內，踏板的(de)(de)(de)踏動(dong)力(li)不超過(guo)80-100N。（4）操(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)縱(zong)(zong)機(ji)(ji)構的(de)(de)(de)杠(gang)桿變形要小，機(ji)(ji)構組成的(de)(de)(de)間隙(xi)和(he)空行(xing)程要小。（5）操(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)縱(zong)(zong)手(shou)柄(bing)(bing)和(he)腳(jiao)踏板的(de)(de)(de)數目量(liang)少，可以(yi)手(shou)腳(jiao)聯動(dong)，便于操(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)作(zuo)(zuo)人員做復合操(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)作(zuo)(zuo)。（6）應保障在(zai)-40-50度(du)的(de)(de)(de)范圍內操(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)作(zuo)(zuo)性能正常。作(zuo)(zuo)業操(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)縱(zong)(zong)系統(tong)的(de)(de)(de)基(ji)本形式(shi)根據推動(dong)主(zhu)分配(pei)閥的(de)(de)(de)動(dong)力(li)來源，液(ye)壓(ya)挖掘機(ji)(ji)作(zuo)(zuo)業操(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)縱(zong)(zong)系統(tong)的(de)(de)(de)基(ji)本型式(shi)可分為(wei)機(ji)(ji)械杠(gang)桿式(shi)、液(ye)壓(ya)式(shi)、氣壓(ya)式(shi)和(he)電氣式(shi)等。
由于液(ye)壓(ya)挖掘機(ji)所采用的(de)(de)油(you)路流量(liang)大、壓(ya)力高，主分(fen)配閥(fa)閥(fa)桿(gan)的(de)(de)推動(dong)力較大，因此采用液(ye)壓(ya)式(shi)、氣壓(ya)式(shi)和(he)電氣式(shi)操(cao)縱(zong)(zong)可以(yi)減輕操(cao)作(zuo)人(ren)員的(de)(de)勞動(dong)強度，并便于操(cao)縱(zong)(zong)系統(tong)的(de)(de)合理布置。目前許多(duo)的(de)(de)液(ye)壓(ya)挖掘機(ji)仍(reng)采用機(ji)械(xie)操(cao)縱(zong)(zong)系統(tong)，其優(you)點(dian)(dian)是結構簡單。在機(ji)械(xie)操(cao)縱(zong)(zong)系統(tong)中，挖掘機(ji)的(de)(de)鏟(chan)斗(dou)、動(dong)臂、斗(dou)桿(gan)和(he)回轉分(fen)別是由各(ge)自(zi)的(de)(de)控制手柄(bing)通(tong)過(guo)(guo)杠桿(gan)和(he)主分(fen)配閥(fa)連接。從“前開始(shi)(shi)供油(you)”到“后(hou)開始(shi)(shi)供油(you)”的(de)(de)區段(duan)為手柄(bing)空(kong)行(xing)(xing)程(cheng)。空(kong)行(xing)(xing)程(cheng)的(de)(de)大小一般取決于銷(xiao)軸的(de)(de)裝(zhuang)配間隙和(he)杠桿(gan)的(de)(de)剛(gang)度，即間隙小、剛(gang)度大時空(kong)行(xing)(xing)程(cheng)小，反之(zhi)則大。空(kong)行(xing)(xing)程(cheng)不(bu)宜過(guo)(guo)大，以(yi)便挖掘機(ji)工作(zuo)裝(zhuang)置的(de)(de)動(dong)作(zuo)及(ji)時，空(kong)行(xing)(xing)程(cheng)一般不(bu)超(chao)過(guo)(guo)60mm。從“前、后(hou)開始(shi)(shi)供油(you)”至(zhi)“額定速度”區段(duan)為加速段(duan)，一般在20-40mm之(zhi)間。前、后(hou)終點(dian)(dian)之(zhi)間的(de)(de)操(cao)縱(zong)(zong)手柄(bing)總移動(dong)量(liang)不(bu)應超(chao)過(guo)(guo)340mm。

為(wei)減少(shao)駕駛(shi)員操(cao)(cao)(cao)縱(zong)(zong)換手(shou)時間和(he)增加復(fu)合動(dong)作(zuo)的(de)機會，現(xian)在(zai)的(de)液(ye)(ye)(ye)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)挖(wa)掘(jue)(jue)機均將傳統(tong)(tong)的(de)四手(shou)柄操(cao)(cao)(cao)縱(zong)(zong)系統(tong)(tong)改(gai)進(jin)為(wei)雙手(shou)柄操(cao)(cao)(cao)縱(zong)(zong)系統(tong)(tong)，即挖(wa)掘(jue)(jue)機的(de)四個(ge)作(zuo)業(ye)動(dong)作(zuo)用(yong)兩個(ge)手(shou)柄來(lai)操(cao)(cao)(cao)縱(zong)(zong)。液(ye)(ye)(ye)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)挖(wa)掘(jue)(jue)機的(de)液(ye)(ye)(ye)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)操(cao)(cao)(cao)縱(zong)(zong)是(shi)(shi)依靠油液(ye)(ye)(ye)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)來(lai)推動(dong)主分(fen)配閥(fa)的(de)閥(fa)桿，其(qi)油路(lu)可以(yi)是(shi)(shi)獨立油路(lu)，也(ye)(ye)可以(yi)從主油路(lu)系統(tong)(tong)引出油路(lu)。現(xian)在(zai)越來(lai)越多的(de)液(ye)(ye)(ye)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)挖(wa)掘(jue)(jue)機采(cai)(cai)用(yong)液(ye)(ye)(ye)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)操(cao)(cao)(cao)縱(zong)(zong)，其(qi)型式(shi)有機械(xie)反饋隨(sui)動(dong)式(shi)、操(cao)(cao)(cao)縱(zong)(zong)閥(fa)與主分(fen)配閥(fa)一(yi)體式(shi)和(he)先(xian)導閥(fa)操(cao)(cao)(cao)縱(zong)(zong)式(shi)等到。其(qi)中后(hou)者應用(yong)居多。它又分(fen)為(wei)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)發生(sheng)式(shi)和(he)減壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)閥(fa)式(shi)兩種(zhong)(zhong)。（1）壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)發生(sheng)式(shi)先(xian)導閥(fa)操(cao)(cao)(cao)縱(zong)(zong)。這是(shi)(shi)一(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)遠距離操(cao)(cao)(cao)縱(zong)(zong)閥(fa)，駕駛(shi)員利(li)用(yong)先(xian)導閥(fa)的(de)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)油來(lai)操(cao)(cao)(cao)縱(zong)(zong)主分(fen)配閥(fa)。（2）減壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)閥(fa)式(shi)先(xian)導閥(fa)操(cao)(cao)(cao)縱(zong)(zong)。與上述的(de)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)發生(sheng)式(shi)先(xian)導閥(fa)操(cao)(cao)(cao)縱(zong)(zong)一(yi)樣，這種(zhong)(zhong)操(cao)(cao)(cao)縱(zong)(zong)裝置(zhi)主分(fen)配閥(fa)滑(hua)閥(fa)的(de)移動(dong)，也(ye)(ye)是(shi)(shi)用(yong)液(ye)(ye)(ye)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)導向(xiang)而進(jin)行間接(jie)控制的(de)。所不同的(de)是(shi)(shi)采(cai)(cai)用(yong)了減壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)式(shi)先(xian)導閥(fa)。