3069
挖掘機電氣控制系統的基本構造
2019/5/19
本(ben)(ben)篇將(jiang)以SY200C5挖(wa)(wa)掘(jue)(jue)機(ji)(ji)(ji)為例講(jiang)述(shu)挖(wa)(wa)掘(jue)(jue)機(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)基本(ben)(ben)原理、基本(ben)(ben)構造、操(cao)作(zuo)(zuo)說明(ming)、故(gu)障分析。簡介：機(ji)(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)一(yi)體化是(shi)液(ye)(ye)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)挖(wa)(wa)掘(jue)(jue)機(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)發(fa)展方向(xiang)，其最終目的(de)(de)是(shi)機(ji)(ji)(ji)器(qi)(qi)人化，實(shi)現全自動(dong)運轉，這是(shi)挖(wa)(wa)掘(jue)(jue)機(ji)(ji)(ji)技(ji)術的(de)(de)又一(yi)次飛躍(yue)。作(zuo)(zuo)為工(gong)程機(ji)(ji)(ji)械(xie)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)導產品的(de)(de)液(ye)(ye)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)挖(wa)(wa)掘(jue)(jue)機(ji)(ji)(ji)，在(zai)近幾十(shi)年的(de)(de)研(yan)(yan)究和(he)(he)發(fa)展中，已(yi)(yi)逐漸(jian)完(wan)善，其工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)裝置(zhi)、主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)結構件(jian)和(he)(he)液(ye)(ye)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)已(yi)(yi)基本(ben)(ben)定型。人們對液(ye)(ye)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)挖(wa)(wa)掘(jue)(jue)機(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)研(yan)(yan)究，逐步向(xiang)機(ji)(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)液(ye)(ye)控制系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)方向(xiang)轉移。控制方式不斷變革，使挖(wa)(wa)掘(jue)(jue)機(ji)(ji)(ji)由簡單的(de)(de)杠桿操(cao)縱(zong)發(fa)展到液(ye)(ye)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)操(cao)縱(zong)、氣(qi)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)操(cao)縱(zong)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)操(cao)縱(zong)、液(ye)(ye)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)伺服(fu)操(cao)縱(zong)、無(wu)線(xian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)遙控、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)液(ye)(ye)比例操(cao)縱(zong)和(he)(he)計(ji)算機(ji)(ji)(ji)直接控制。所以，對挖(wa)(wa)掘(jue)(jue)機(ji)(ji)(ji)機(ji)(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)一(yi)體化的(de)(de)研(yan)(yan)究，主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)是(shi)集中在(zai)液(ye)(ye)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)挖(wa)(wa)掘(jue)(jue)機(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)控制系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)上。液(ye)(ye)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)挖(wa)(wa)掘(jue)(jue)機(ji)(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)控制系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)是(shi)對發(fa)動(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)、液(ye)(ye)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)泵、多(duo)路換向(xiang)閥和(he)(he)執行元件(jian)（液(ye)(ye)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)缸、液(ye)(ye)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)馬(ma)達(da)）的(de)(de)一(yi)些溫度(du)、壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力、速度(du)、開(kai)關量的(de)(de)檢(jian)測(ce)并(bing)將(jiang)有關檢(jian)測(ce)數據輸入給挖(wa)(wa)掘(jue)(jue)機(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)專用控制器(qi)(qi)（ElectronicPowerSystem）。
控(kong)制(zhi)器(qi)綜合各種測(ce)量值、設定值和(he)(he)(he)操(cao)(cao)作信號發(fa)(fa)出(chu)相關(guan)控(kong)制(zhi)信息(xi)，對(dui)發(fa)(fa)動(dong)機(ji)、液(ye)(ye)壓(ya)泵(beng)、液(ye)(ye)壓(ya)控(kong)制(zhi)閥和(he)(he)(he)整(zheng)機(ji)進行控(kong)制(zhi)。控(kong)制(zhi)功(gong)能(neng)：負(fu)責對(dui)發(fa)(fa)動(dong)機(ji)、液(ye)(ye)壓(ya)泵(beng)、液(ye)(ye)壓(ya)控(kong)制(zhi)閥和(he)(he)(he)整(zheng)機(ji)的復合控(kong)制(zhi)。檢(jian)(jian)測(ce)和(he)(he)(he)保(bao)護(hu)功(gong)能(neng)：通過一系(xi)列的傳感器(qi)、油壓(ya)開關(guan)、熔斷器(qi)和(he)(he)(he)顯示(shi)屏等對(dui)挖(wa)機(ji)的發(fa)(fa)動(dong)機(ji)、液(ye)(ye)壓(ya)系(xi)統(tong)、氣(qi)壓(ya)系(xi)統(tong)和(he)(he)(he)工(gong)作狀態進行檢(jian)(jian)測(ce)和(he)(he)(he)保(bao)護(hu)。照(zhao)明(ming)(ming)功(gong)能(neng)：主(zhu)要有司機(ji)室廂燈(deng)(deng)、工(gong)作裝置作業燈(deng)(deng)及檢(jian)(jian)修燈(deng)(deng)。其它功(gong)能(neng)：主(zhu)要有刮雨器(qi)、噴(pen)水器(qi)、空調器(qi)和(he)(he)(he)收放(fang)音機(ji)等。SY200C5挖(wa)掘機(ji)電(dian)(dian)氣(qi)系(xi)統(tong)由(you)電(dian)(dian)源部分(fen)、啟(qi)動(dong)部分(fen)、照(zhao)明(ming)(ming)部分(fen)、電(dian)(dian)氣(qi)操(cao)(cao)縱機(ji)構、空氣(qi)調節裝置、音響設備、節能(neng)控(kong)制(zhi)及故(gu)障診斷報警(jing)系(xi)統(tong)等組成。系(xi)統(tong)電(dian)(dian)源為直流24V電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)供電(dian)(dian)、負(fu)極搭鐵方式；采用2節12V120AH蓄電(dian)(dian)池串聯作發(fa)(fa)動(dong)機(ji)啟(qi)動(dong)電(dian)(dian)源。
由帶(dai)內置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)硅(gui)整流(liu)(liu)(liu)和(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓調(diao)(diao)節裝置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)(liu)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，以(yi)維持蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量和(he)穩定系(xi)統電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓；蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)輸出(chu)端(duan)(duan)裝設(she)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)繼電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)，由鑰匙開(kai)關(guan)控制，以(yi)增加電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)系(xi)統的(de)安(an)全性。蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)：采用12V120AH免維護型蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)，2組串聯。發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)：27V35A交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)(liu)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)，由發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)動(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)自帶(dai)，內置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)硅(gui)整流(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路及電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓調(diao)(diao)節器(qi)(qi)，帶(dai)有(you)頻率(lv)輸出(chu)。D+為中(zhong)性點電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓輸出(chu)端(duan)(duan)子(zi)(zi)，B+為電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)輸出(chu)端(duan)(duan)子(zi)(zi)，E為接地(di)端(duan)(duan)子(zi)(zi)。D+端(duan)(duan)子(zi)(zi)接充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)報(bao)，在啟動(dong)初狀態，當發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓尚未建立時(shi)D+端(duan)(duan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓為0V，充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)報(bao)亮，蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)正電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)通過報(bao)燈(deng)絲流(liu)(liu)(liu)向D+端(duan)(duan)作(zuo)為發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)勵磁電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)，使(shi)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)迅速建立起(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓并進入(ru)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)工(gong)作(zuo)狀態。發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)進入(ru)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)狀態后，D+端(duan)(duan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓達24V，充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)報(bao)熄滅。3)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)繼電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)：裝于電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶的(de)正極(ji)控制總電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)。
由鑰(yao)(yao)匙(chi)(chi)(chi)開(kai)(kai)(kai)關控制，以(yi)(yi)增加電(dian)(dian)源系(xi)統(tong)的安全(quan)性。接(jie)通(tong)：把鑰(yao)(yao)匙(chi)(chi)(chi)開(kai)(kai)(kai)關打(da)到“接(jie)通(tong)”位置以(yi)(yi)啟(qi)(qi)動(dong)電(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)系(xi)統(tong)，此(ci)時(shi)電(dian)(dian)源繼電(dian)(dian)器(qi)接(jie)通(tong)，系(xi)統(tong)得電(dian)(dian)。在啟(qi)(qi)動(dong)發(fa)(fa)動(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)之時(shi)，鑰(yao)(yao)匙(chi)(chi)(chi)開(kai)(kai)(kai)關必須是接(jie)通(tong)的。斷(duan)(duan)開(kai)(kai)(kai)：把鑰(yao)(yao)匙(chi)(chi)(chi)開(kai)(kai)(kai)關打(da)到“斷(duan)(duan)開(kai)(kai)(kai)”位置，電(dian)(dian)源繼電(dian)(dian)器(qi)斷(duan)(duan)電(dian)(dian)，以(yi)(yi)切斷(duan)(duan)電(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)系(xi)統(tong)。注意：維修電(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)系(xi)統(tong)和機(ji)(ji)(ji)器(qi)的其它部(bu)件時(shi)，請把鑰(yao)(yao)匙(chi)(chi)(chi)開(kai)(kai)(kai)關打(da)到“斷(duan)(duan)開(kai)(kai)(kai)”位置或拔掉鑰(yao)(yao)匙(chi)(chi)(chi)開(kai)(kai)(kai)關以(yi)(yi)切斷(duan)(duan)蓄電(dian)(dian)池電(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)。50接(jie)線柱接(jie)啟(qi)(qi)動(dong)開(kai)(kai)(kai)關。31接(jie)線柱為負極(ji)搭鐵。30接(jie)線柱可接(jie)車上的用電(dian)(dian)器(qi)的正極(ji)。鑰(yao)(yao)匙(chi)(chi)(chi)開(kai)(kai)(kai)關：用于啟(qi)(qi)動(dong)發(fa)(fa)動(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)。轉(zhuan)速傳感器(qi)：用于檢測啟(qi)(qi)動(dong)過(guo)程中發(fa)(fa)動(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)轉(zhuan)速。液壓操縱：液壓操縱桿(gan)在“鎖住”位置，發(fa)(fa)動(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)才能啟(qi)(qi)動(dong)。SY200C5挖掘機(ji)(ji)(ji)由控制器(qi)來控制起動(dong)馬達，并通(tong)過(guo)程序設(she)置實(shi)現保護。柴油(you)機(ji)(ji)(ji)起動(dong)前。
鑰(yao)(yao)匙開(kai)關(guan)先打(da)到(dao)“通電”檔時，由控(kong)制器(qi)(qi)(qi)檢測(ce)各(ge)傳感器(qi)(qi)(qi)及相關(guan)開(kai)關(guan)輸入(ru)信號(hao)，檢測(ce)此(ci)(ci)(ci)時冷卻液(ye)溫(wen)度(du)是(shi)否(fou)低于(yu)3℃，若是(shi)，則(ze)接通預熱繼(ji)(ji)電器(qi)(qi)(qi)，直到(dao)冷卻液(ye)溫(wen)度(du)高(gao)于(yu)此(ci)(ci)(ci)值時斷開(kai)，同時驅動(dong)(dong)(dong)油(you)門(men)(men)機構向油(you)門(men)(men)高(gao)位走一行程，以(yi)保證油(you)門(men)(men)打(da)開(kai)。鑰(yao)(yao)匙開(kai)關(guan)打(da)到(dao)“啟(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)”檔后，控(kong)制器(qi)(qi)(qi)檢測(ce)到(dao)“柴油(you)機啟(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)信號(hao)”的輸入(ru)，同時判斷“液(ye)壓操縱稈”信號(hao)是(shi)否(fou)為(wei)閉合(he)，若閉合(he)，再判斷此(ci)(ci)(ci)時轉速是(shi)否(fou)低于(yu)650r/m，若是(shi)，則(ze)接通啟(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)繼(ji)(ji)電器(qi)(qi)(qi)，直到(dao)轉速高(gao)于(yu)650r/m，則(ze)斷開(kai)啟(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)繼(ji)(ji)電器(qi)(qi)(qi)，起動(dong)(dong)(dong)后啟(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)繼(ji)(ji)電器(qi)(qi)(qi)不再輸出。此(ci)(ci)(ci)時控(kong)制器(qi)(qi)(qi)完成發動(dong)(dong)(dong)機的發動(dong)(dong)(dong)。為(wei)了保證夜(ye)間行車(che)或作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)業(ye)安全，提高(gao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)效率，外部(bu)照(zhao)明旋轉臺工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)燈(deng)(deng)、動(dong)(dong)(dong)臂工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)燈(deng)(deng)均采用大(da)功率工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)燈(deng)(deng)，內部(bu)照(zhao)明為(wei)駕駛室廂(xiang)燈(deng)(deng)。包括各(ge)啟(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)開(kai)關(guan)、斷路開(kai)關(guan)、繼(ji)(ji)電器(qi)(qi)(qi)等電氣(qi)控(kong)制機構。
為(wei)(wei)了營造一個舒適的(de)(de)工(gong)作(zuo)環(huan)境，本(ben)機采用(yong)(yong)工(gong)程機械專(zhuan)用(yong)(yong)工(gong)程空調(diao)，能(neng)實現制(zhi)冷與制(zhi)暖、風量以及(ji)溫度調(diao)節。采用(yong)(yong)國際先進(jin)的(de)(de)挖掘機專(zhuan)用(yong)(yong)收音機(以實物為(wei)(wei)準)，配(pei)以大功率(lv)放音喇(la)叭，能(neng)獲得震撼的(de)(de)收音效(xiao)果。故障(zhang)(zhang)診斷報警裝(zhuang)置對挖掘機的(de)(de)運(yun)行(xing)狀態進(jin)行(xing)，一旦發生(sheng)異(yi)常(chang)能(neng)及(ji)時(shi)報警，并指出故障(zhang)(zhang)部位，從而可(ke)及(ji)早清除(chu)隱患，減少維修時(shi)間(jian)，降低保(bao)養和維護費(fei)用(yong)(yong)，改善作(zuo)業(ye)環(huan)境，提高作(zuo)業(ye)效(xiao)率(lv)。其硬(ying)件主(zhu)要由(you)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)器和顯(xian)示(shi)屏為(wei)(wei)系統核心，輔以其他檢測和保(bao)護控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)元件，實現對控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)對象(xiang)的(de)(de)各種(zhong)監測目的(de)(de)，顯(xian)示(shi)屏面板能(neng)防水、防塵，整個裝(zhuang)置抗(kang)干擾能(neng)力強，并能(neng)防震。能(neng)對機器的(de)(de)運(yun)行(xing)情(qing)況進(jin)行(xing)連續監測，并根據要求進(jin)行(xing)報警。裝(zhuang)置在(zai)硬(ying)件上具有光(guang)(guang)控(kong)(kong)電路，在(zai)光(guang)(guang)線(xian)陰暗時(shi)自動打開背(bei)光(guang)(guang)，照明液晶(jing)屏。
在(zai)不同溫度(du)下，自(zi)動(dong)調節液(ye)晶屏(ping)的灰度(du)，以達到最佳視(shi)覺效(xiao)果。裝置(zhi)具(ju)有(you)工(gong)作小時(shi)總計，系(xi)統時(shi)間(jian)(jian)顯示且能(neng)對其(qi)進行調整，使(shi)其(qi)與(yu)當地時(shi)間(jian)(jian)一致。可以對液(ye)晶屏(ping)進行翻屏(ping)操(cao)作，可查閱采(cai)集的各(ge)路(lu)參數的具(ju)體數值或者各(ge)開(kai)關(guan)(guan)(guan)量的正常與(yu)否。工(gong)作后(hou)每(mei)次只(zhi)選(xuan)(xuan)一個(ge)(ge)工(gong)作模(mo)式(shi)，選(xuan)(xuan)定一個(ge)(ge)新的工(gong)作模(mo)式(shi)之(zhi)后(hou)，原工(gong)作模(mo)式(shi)自(zi)動(dong)消除(chu)。每(mei)次重(zhong)新啟(qi)動(dong)挖掘機(ji)(ji)后(hou)，功(gong)(gong)率模(mo)式(shi)重(zhong)新回到S（標準）模(mo)式(shi)。每(mei)次重(zhong)新接通(tong)并啟(qi)動(dong)挖掘機(ji)(ji)后(hou)，行駛高(gao)低速(su)(su)(su)選(xuan)(xuan)擇開(kai)關(guan)(guan)(guan)處(chu)于低速(su)(su)(su)狀態，只(zhi)有(you)當按下開(kai)關(guan)(guan)(guan)后(hou)才(cai)依(yi)次在(zai)高(gao)速(su)(su)(su)與(yu)低速(su)(su)(su)之(zhi)間(jian)(jian)轉(zhuan)換。每(mei)次重(zhong)新啟(qi)動(dong)挖掘機(ji)(ji)后(hou)，自(zi)動(dong)怠(dai)(dai)速(su)(su)(su)開(kai)關(guan)(guan)(guan)處(chu)于自(zi)動(dong)怠(dai)(dai)速(su)(su)(su)有(you)效(xiao)模(mo)式(shi)，只(zhi)有(you)按下自(zi)動(dong)怠(dai)(dai)速(su)(su)(su)開(kai)關(guan)(guan)(guan)，自(zi)動(dong)怠(dai)(dai)速(su)(su)(su)功(gong)(gong)能(neng)才(cai)能(neng)取消。本裝置(zhi)自(zi)動(dong)查找(zhao)故(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)，根據測得的故(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)參數找(zhao)出發生故(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)的部位，并能(neng)查詢某個(ge)(ge)故(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)發生的時(shi)間(jian)(jian)及某個(ge)(ge)時(shi)間(jian)(jian)內所發生的故(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)名稱。
控(kong)制(zhi)器(qi)綜合各種測(ce)量值、設定值和(he)(he)(he)操(cao)(cao)作信號發(fa)(fa)出(chu)相關(guan)控(kong)制(zhi)信息(xi)，對(dui)發(fa)(fa)動(dong)機(ji)、液(ye)(ye)壓(ya)泵(beng)、液(ye)(ye)壓(ya)控(kong)制(zhi)閥和(he)(he)(he)整(zheng)機(ji)進行控(kong)制(zhi)。控(kong)制(zhi)功(gong)能(neng)：負(fu)責對(dui)發(fa)(fa)動(dong)機(ji)、液(ye)(ye)壓(ya)泵(beng)、液(ye)(ye)壓(ya)控(kong)制(zhi)閥和(he)(he)(he)整(zheng)機(ji)的復合控(kong)制(zhi)。檢(jian)(jian)測(ce)和(he)(he)(he)保(bao)護(hu)功(gong)能(neng)：通過一系(xi)列的傳感器(qi)、油壓(ya)開關(guan)、熔斷器(qi)和(he)(he)(he)顯示(shi)屏等對(dui)挖(wa)機(ji)的發(fa)(fa)動(dong)機(ji)、液(ye)(ye)壓(ya)系(xi)統(tong)、氣(qi)壓(ya)系(xi)統(tong)和(he)(he)(he)工(gong)作狀態進行檢(jian)(jian)測(ce)和(he)(he)(he)保(bao)護(hu)。照(zhao)明(ming)(ming)功(gong)能(neng)：主(zhu)要有司機(ji)室廂燈(deng)(deng)、工(gong)作裝置作業燈(deng)(deng)及檢(jian)(jian)修燈(deng)(deng)。其它功(gong)能(neng)：主(zhu)要有刮雨器(qi)、噴(pen)水器(qi)、空調器(qi)和(he)(he)(he)收放(fang)音機(ji)等。SY200C5挖(wa)掘機(ji)電(dian)(dian)氣(qi)系(xi)統(tong)由(you)電(dian)(dian)源部分(fen)、啟(qi)動(dong)部分(fen)、照(zhao)明(ming)(ming)部分(fen)、電(dian)(dian)氣(qi)操(cao)(cao)縱機(ji)構、空氣(qi)調節裝置、音響設備、節能(neng)控(kong)制(zhi)及故(gu)障診斷報警(jing)系(xi)統(tong)等組成。系(xi)統(tong)電(dian)(dian)源為直流24V電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)供電(dian)(dian)、負(fu)極搭鐵方式；采用2節12V120AH蓄電(dian)(dian)池串聯作發(fa)(fa)動(dong)機(ji)啟(qi)動(dong)電(dian)(dian)源。
由帶(dai)內置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)硅(gui)整流(liu)(liu)(liu)和(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓調(diao)(diao)節裝置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)(liu)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，以(yi)維持蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量和(he)穩定系(xi)統電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓；蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)輸出(chu)端(duan)(duan)裝設(she)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)繼電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)，由鑰匙開(kai)關(guan)控制，以(yi)增加電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)系(xi)統的(de)安(an)全性。蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)：采用12V120AH免維護型蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)，2組串聯。發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)：27V35A交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)(liu)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)，由發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)動(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)自帶(dai)，內置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)硅(gui)整流(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路及電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓調(diao)(diao)節器(qi)(qi)，帶(dai)有(you)頻率(lv)輸出(chu)。D+為中(zhong)性點電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓輸出(chu)端(duan)(duan)子(zi)(zi)，B+為電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)輸出(chu)端(duan)(duan)子(zi)(zi)，E為接地(di)端(duan)(duan)子(zi)(zi)。D+端(duan)(duan)子(zi)(zi)接充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)報(bao)，在啟動(dong)初狀態，當發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓尚未建立時(shi)D+端(duan)(duan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓為0V，充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)報(bao)亮，蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)正電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)通過報(bao)燈(deng)絲流(liu)(liu)(liu)向D+端(duan)(duan)作(zuo)為發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)勵磁電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)，使(shi)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)迅速建立起(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓并進入(ru)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)工(gong)作(zuo)狀態。發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)進入(ru)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)狀態后，D+端(duan)(duan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓達24V，充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)報(bao)熄滅。3)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)繼電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)：裝于電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶的(de)正極(ji)控制總電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)。
由鑰(yao)(yao)匙(chi)(chi)(chi)開(kai)(kai)(kai)關控制，以(yi)(yi)增加電(dian)(dian)源系(xi)統(tong)的安全(quan)性。接(jie)通(tong)：把鑰(yao)(yao)匙(chi)(chi)(chi)開(kai)(kai)(kai)關打(da)到“接(jie)通(tong)”位置以(yi)(yi)啟(qi)(qi)動(dong)電(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)系(xi)統(tong)，此(ci)時(shi)電(dian)(dian)源繼電(dian)(dian)器(qi)接(jie)通(tong)，系(xi)統(tong)得電(dian)(dian)。在啟(qi)(qi)動(dong)發(fa)(fa)動(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)之時(shi)，鑰(yao)(yao)匙(chi)(chi)(chi)開(kai)(kai)(kai)關必須是接(jie)通(tong)的。斷(duan)(duan)開(kai)(kai)(kai)：把鑰(yao)(yao)匙(chi)(chi)(chi)開(kai)(kai)(kai)關打(da)到“斷(duan)(duan)開(kai)(kai)(kai)”位置，電(dian)(dian)源繼電(dian)(dian)器(qi)斷(duan)(duan)電(dian)(dian)，以(yi)(yi)切斷(duan)(duan)電(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)系(xi)統(tong)。注意：維修電(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)系(xi)統(tong)和機(ji)(ji)(ji)器(qi)的其它部(bu)件時(shi)，請把鑰(yao)(yao)匙(chi)(chi)(chi)開(kai)(kai)(kai)關打(da)到“斷(duan)(duan)開(kai)(kai)(kai)”位置或拔掉鑰(yao)(yao)匙(chi)(chi)(chi)開(kai)(kai)(kai)關以(yi)(yi)切斷(duan)(duan)蓄電(dian)(dian)池電(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)。50接(jie)線柱接(jie)啟(qi)(qi)動(dong)開(kai)(kai)(kai)關。31接(jie)線柱為負極(ji)搭鐵。30接(jie)線柱可接(jie)車上的用電(dian)(dian)器(qi)的正極(ji)。鑰(yao)(yao)匙(chi)(chi)(chi)開(kai)(kai)(kai)關：用于啟(qi)(qi)動(dong)發(fa)(fa)動(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)。轉(zhuan)速傳感器(qi)：用于檢測啟(qi)(qi)動(dong)過(guo)程中發(fa)(fa)動(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)轉(zhuan)速。液壓操縱：液壓操縱桿(gan)在“鎖住”位置，發(fa)(fa)動(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)才能啟(qi)(qi)動(dong)。SY200C5挖掘機(ji)(ji)(ji)由控制器(qi)來控制起動(dong)馬達，并通(tong)過(guo)程序設(she)置實(shi)現保護。柴油(you)機(ji)(ji)(ji)起動(dong)前。
鑰(yao)(yao)匙開(kai)關(guan)先打(da)到(dao)“通電”檔時，由控(kong)制器(qi)(qi)(qi)檢測(ce)各(ge)傳感器(qi)(qi)(qi)及相關(guan)開(kai)關(guan)輸入(ru)信號(hao)，檢測(ce)此(ci)(ci)(ci)時冷卻液(ye)溫(wen)度(du)是(shi)否(fou)低于(yu)3℃，若是(shi)，則(ze)接通預熱繼(ji)(ji)電器(qi)(qi)(qi)，直到(dao)冷卻液(ye)溫(wen)度(du)高(gao)于(yu)此(ci)(ci)(ci)值時斷開(kai)，同時驅動(dong)(dong)(dong)油(you)門(men)(men)機構向油(you)門(men)(men)高(gao)位走一行程，以(yi)保證油(you)門(men)(men)打(da)開(kai)。鑰(yao)(yao)匙開(kai)關(guan)打(da)到(dao)“啟(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)”檔后，控(kong)制器(qi)(qi)(qi)檢測(ce)到(dao)“柴油(you)機啟(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)信號(hao)”的輸入(ru)，同時判斷“液(ye)壓操縱稈”信號(hao)是(shi)否(fou)為(wei)閉合(he)，若閉合(he)，再判斷此(ci)(ci)(ci)時轉速是(shi)否(fou)低于(yu)650r/m，若是(shi)，則(ze)接通啟(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)繼(ji)(ji)電器(qi)(qi)(qi)，直到(dao)轉速高(gao)于(yu)650r/m，則(ze)斷開(kai)啟(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)繼(ji)(ji)電器(qi)(qi)(qi)，起動(dong)(dong)(dong)后啟(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)繼(ji)(ji)電器(qi)(qi)(qi)不再輸出。此(ci)(ci)(ci)時控(kong)制器(qi)(qi)(qi)完成發動(dong)(dong)(dong)機的發動(dong)(dong)(dong)。為(wei)了保證夜(ye)間行車(che)或作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)業(ye)安全，提高(gao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)效率，外部(bu)照(zhao)明旋轉臺工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)燈(deng)(deng)、動(dong)(dong)(dong)臂工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)燈(deng)(deng)均采用大(da)功率工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)燈(deng)(deng)，內部(bu)照(zhao)明為(wei)駕駛室廂(xiang)燈(deng)(deng)。包括各(ge)啟(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)開(kai)關(guan)、斷路開(kai)關(guan)、繼(ji)(ji)電器(qi)(qi)(qi)等電氣(qi)控(kong)制機構。
為(wei)(wei)了營造一個舒適的(de)(de)工(gong)作(zuo)環(huan)境，本(ben)機采用(yong)(yong)工(gong)程機械專(zhuan)用(yong)(yong)工(gong)程空調(diao)，能(neng)實現制(zhi)冷與制(zhi)暖、風量以及(ji)溫度調(diao)節。采用(yong)(yong)國際先進(jin)的(de)(de)挖掘機專(zhuan)用(yong)(yong)收音機(以實物為(wei)(wei)準)，配(pei)以大功率(lv)放音喇(la)叭，能(neng)獲得震撼的(de)(de)收音效(xiao)果。故障(zhang)(zhang)診斷報警裝(zhuang)置對挖掘機的(de)(de)運(yun)行(xing)狀態進(jin)行(xing)，一旦發生(sheng)異(yi)常(chang)能(neng)及(ji)時(shi)報警，并指出故障(zhang)(zhang)部位，從而可(ke)及(ji)早清除(chu)隱患，減少維修時(shi)間(jian)，降低保(bao)養和維護費(fei)用(yong)(yong)，改善作(zuo)業(ye)環(huan)境，提高作(zuo)業(ye)效(xiao)率(lv)。其硬(ying)件主(zhu)要由(you)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)器和顯(xian)示(shi)屏為(wei)(wei)系統核心，輔以其他檢測和保(bao)護控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)元件，實現對控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)對象(xiang)的(de)(de)各種(zhong)監測目的(de)(de)，顯(xian)示(shi)屏面板能(neng)防水、防塵，整個裝(zhuang)置抗(kang)干擾能(neng)力強，并能(neng)防震。能(neng)對機器的(de)(de)運(yun)行(xing)情(qing)況進(jin)行(xing)連續監測，并根據要求進(jin)行(xing)報警。裝(zhuang)置在(zai)硬(ying)件上具有光(guang)(guang)控(kong)(kong)電路，在(zai)光(guang)(guang)線(xian)陰暗時(shi)自動打開背(bei)光(guang)(guang)，照明液晶(jing)屏。
在(zai)不同溫度(du)下，自(zi)動(dong)調節液(ye)晶屏(ping)的灰度(du)，以達到最佳視(shi)覺效(xiao)果。裝置(zhi)具(ju)有(you)工(gong)作小時(shi)總計，系(xi)統時(shi)間(jian)(jian)顯示且能(neng)對其(qi)進行調整，使(shi)其(qi)與(yu)當地時(shi)間(jian)(jian)一致。可以對液(ye)晶屏(ping)進行翻屏(ping)操(cao)作，可查閱采(cai)集的各(ge)路(lu)參數的具(ju)體數值或者各(ge)開(kai)關(guan)(guan)(guan)量的正常與(yu)否。工(gong)作后(hou)每(mei)次只(zhi)選(xuan)(xuan)一個(ge)(ge)工(gong)作模(mo)式(shi)，選(xuan)(xuan)定一個(ge)(ge)新的工(gong)作模(mo)式(shi)之(zhi)后(hou)，原工(gong)作模(mo)式(shi)自(zi)動(dong)消除(chu)。每(mei)次重(zhong)新啟(qi)動(dong)挖掘機(ji)(ji)后(hou)，功(gong)(gong)率模(mo)式(shi)重(zhong)新回到S（標準）模(mo)式(shi)。每(mei)次重(zhong)新接通(tong)并啟(qi)動(dong)挖掘機(ji)(ji)后(hou)，行駛高(gao)低速(su)(su)(su)選(xuan)(xuan)擇開(kai)關(guan)(guan)(guan)處(chu)于低速(su)(su)(su)狀態，只(zhi)有(you)當按下開(kai)關(guan)(guan)(guan)后(hou)才(cai)依(yi)次在(zai)高(gao)速(su)(su)(su)與(yu)低速(su)(su)(su)之(zhi)間(jian)(jian)轉(zhuan)換。每(mei)次重(zhong)新啟(qi)動(dong)挖掘機(ji)(ji)后(hou)，自(zi)動(dong)怠(dai)(dai)速(su)(su)(su)開(kai)關(guan)(guan)(guan)處(chu)于自(zi)動(dong)怠(dai)(dai)速(su)(su)(su)有(you)效(xiao)模(mo)式(shi)，只(zhi)有(you)按下自(zi)動(dong)怠(dai)(dai)速(su)(su)(su)開(kai)關(guan)(guan)(guan)，自(zi)動(dong)怠(dai)(dai)速(su)(su)(su)功(gong)(gong)能(neng)才(cai)能(neng)取消。本裝置(zhi)自(zi)動(dong)查找(zhao)故(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)，根據測得的故(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)參數找(zhao)出發生故(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)的部位，并能(neng)查詢某個(ge)(ge)故(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)發生的時(shi)間(jian)(jian)及某個(ge)(ge)時(shi)間(jian)(jian)內所發生的故(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)名稱。
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