4512
卡特320 B型挖掘機不能啟動故障的排除
2019/11/24
一(yi)(yi)臺卡(ka)特(te)320B型挖掘機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，在長途運輸(shu)途中不(bu)慎側翻于公(gong)路旁，用起(qi)重機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)將控制(zhi)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)吊(diao)起(qi)后，發(fa)(fa)現挖掘機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)僅發(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)一(yi)(yi)側的(de)護殼破壞，而其余部分(fen)完(wan)好無損。駕(jia)駛員(yuan)檢查(cha)發(fa)(fa)現，機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)油(you)(you)、柴(chai)油(you)(you)和(he)冷(leng)卻水(shui)都不(bu)同程度地流失(shi)。分(fen)別添(tian)加了(le)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)油(you)(you)、柴(chai)油(you)(you)和(he)水(shui)后啟(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)發(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)時，只(zhi)聽(ting)到起(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)與發(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)飛(fei)輪(lun)有強烈(lie)的(de)撞擊聲。同時觀(guan)察(cha)到發(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)風扇葉片只(zhi)是略微轉動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)了(le)一(yi)(yi)下(xia)，再(zai)次啟(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)時故(gu)障依(yi)舊， 為查(cha)清“為什么起(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)不(bu)能(neng)帶(dai)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)發(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)轉動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)”，首先。檢查(cha)了(le)是電器部分(fen)還是電動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)部分(fen)有故(gu)障。用扳手(shou)在發(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)曲軸皮(pi)帶(dai)輪(lun)上來回扳動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)螺栓時，感覺(jue)很(hen)費(fei)力且皮(pi)帶(dai)輪(lun)只(zhi)能(neng)來回轉動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)很(hen)小個角度，說明起(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)不(bu)能(neng)帶(dai)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)發(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)轉動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)是發(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)阻力過(guo)大造(zao)成的(de)。
不(bu)(bu)(bu)是(shi)(shi)電器部分的(de)(de)(de)(de)故障，分析認為(wei)。挖(wa)掘(jue)機(ji)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)于(yu)(yu)拖車上預備長途運(yun)輸前，發(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)技術(shu)狀態是(shi)(shi)正常的(de)(de)(de)(de)，故不(bu)(bu)(bu)可能是(shi)(shi)正時系統、連桿配氣機(ji)構卡死以及曲軸抱死；出現起動(dong)(dong)機(ji)不(bu)(bu)(bu)能帶動(dong)(dong)發(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)轉動(dong)(dong)是(shi)(shi)發(fa)(fa)生在挖(wa)掘(jue)機(ji)側翻(fan)后，挖(wa)掘(jue)機(ji)側翻(fan)時發(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)I缸(gang)(gang)(gang)高于(yu)(yu)VI缸(gang)(gang)(gang)位(wei)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、油(you)底(di)殼高于(yu)(yu)缸(gang)(gang)(gang)蓋位(wei)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，發(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)處(chu)(chu)在這種(zhong)狀態下油(you)底(di)殼內(nei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)機(ji)油(you)就(jiu)會慢慢地(di)從缸(gang)(gang)(gang)壁(bi)間隙處(chu)(chu)流入(ru)(ru)燃燒(shao)室；由于(yu)(yu)VI缸(gang)(gang)(gang)所處(chu)(chu)位(wei)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)最低，I缸(gang)(gang)(gang)所處(chu)(chu)位(wei)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)最高，因而機(ji)油(you)流入(ru)(ru)燃油(you)室的(de)(de)(de)(de)可能最大的(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)VI缸(gang)(gang)(gang)，依次是(shi)(shi)V缸(gang)(gang)(gang)、IV缸(gang)(gang)(gang)，可能性最小(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)I缸(gang)(gang)(gang)，于(yu)(yu)是(shi)(shi)拆下IV、V、VI缸(gang)(gang)(gang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)氣門室罩，用一(yi)字形改錐(zhui)插入(ru)(ru)VI缸(gang)(gang)(gang)進、排氣門的(de)(de)(de)(de)間隙處(chu)(chu)。目的(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)使VI缸(gang)(gang)(gang)進、排氣門一(yi)直處(chu)(chu)于(yu)(yu)打開狀態。
此(ci)時用(yong)扳(ban)(ban)手來回扳(ban)(ban)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)曲(qu)(qu)輪(lun)皮帶(dai)輪(lun)，感到(dao)(dao)(dao)曲(qu)(qu)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)角度比以前略為大(da)一(yi)些(xie)，用(yong)同(tong)樣的(de)方法，使(shi)V缸(gang)(gang)進、排(pai)氣(qi)門(men)處(chu)于打(da)開(kai)(kai)狀(zhuang)態，轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)曲(qu)(qu)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)皮帶(dai)輪(lun)時，感到(dao)(dao)(dao)曲(qu)(qu)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)能轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)的(de)角度又要大(da)一(yi)些(xie)；使(shi)IV缸(gang)(gang)進、排(pai)氣(qi)門(men)處(chu)于打(da)開(kai)(kai)狀(zhuang)態，曲(qu)(qu)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)就(jiu)完全能轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)360°。由此(ci)證明，是發(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)油(you)底殼內機(ji)油(you)通過(guo)缸(gang)(gang)壁(bi)間隙流(liu)進了燃燒室，由于大(da)量機(ji)油(you)流(liu)入燃燒室，起動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)（或(huo)用(yong)扳(ban)(ban)手扳(ban)(ban)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)曲(qu)(qu)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)皮帶(dai)輪(lun)）使(shi)曲(qu)(qu)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)時，在活(huo)塞(sai)上行的(de)過(guo)程中壓縮比過(guo)高(gao)（各(ge)處(chu)間隙均(jun)處(chu)于完全密封狀(zhuang)態），曲(qu)(qu)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)阻(zu)力過(guo)大(da)，故(gu)表現出起動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)不能帶(dai)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)發(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)，故(gu)障原因找到(dao)(dao)(dao)后(hou)，決定改(gai)用(yong)1mm塞(sai)尺插入IV、V、VI缸(gang)(gang)進、排(pai)氣(qi)門(men)間隙處(chu)以代(dai)替一(yi)字(zi)形改(gai)錐（因一(yi)字(zi)形改(gai)錐過(guo)厚）。
以免氣(qi)門壓下過(guo)多而(er)頂壞(huai)活塞(sai)(sai)，但試機(ji)(ji)時起動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)同樣(yang)不能啟(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)，于(yu)是將塞(sai)(sai)尺(chi)的(de)厚度由1mm增加到15mm，再次(ci)(ci)啟(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)時發(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)能順(shun)利啟(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)，并(bing)從(cong)排(pai)氣(qi)管排(pai)出(chu)(chu)了(le)(le)大量機(ji)(ji)油(you)，這時，有兩缸(gang)的(de)塞(sai)(sai)尺(chi)從(cong)氣(qi)門間隙處滑出(chu)(chu)。而(er)發(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)立即(ji)被(bei)憋而(er)熄火；重(zhong)新插(cha)入塞(sai)(sai)尺(chi)，再次(ci)(ci)順(shun)利啟(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)發(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)，并(bing)怠(dai)速運轉(zhuan)了(le)(le)約1min。但帛出(chu)(chu)IV缸(gang)的(de)塞(sai)(sai)尺(chi)后，發(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)又被(bei)憋熄火，說明燃燒(shao)室內機(ji)(ji)油(you)還(huan)很(hen)多，于(yu)是又重(zhong)新插(cha)入塞(sai)(sai)尺(chi)，再次(ci)(ci)啟(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)發(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)，并(bing)怠(dai)速運轉(zhuan)了(le)(le)5min，估計燃燒(shao)室內機(ji)(ji)油(you)已排(pai)盡后，相(xiang)繼抽出(chu)(chu)IV缸(gang)和V缸(gang)的(de)塞(sai)(sai)尺(chi)，發(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)都能正常(chang)運轉(zhuan)，最后抽出(chu)(chu)了(le)(le)IV缸(gang)塞(sai)(sai)尺(chi)，發(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)的(de)運轉(zhuan)也正常(chang)，說明故障已被(bei)徹底(di)排(pai)除。
不(bu)(bu)(bu)是(shi)(shi)電器部分的(de)(de)(de)(de)故障，分析認為(wei)。挖(wa)掘(jue)機(ji)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)于(yu)(yu)拖車上預備長途運(yun)輸前，發(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)技術(shu)狀態是(shi)(shi)正常的(de)(de)(de)(de)，故不(bu)(bu)(bu)可能是(shi)(shi)正時系統、連桿配氣機(ji)構卡死以及曲軸抱死；出現起動(dong)(dong)機(ji)不(bu)(bu)(bu)能帶動(dong)(dong)發(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)轉動(dong)(dong)是(shi)(shi)發(fa)(fa)生在挖(wa)掘(jue)機(ji)側翻(fan)后，挖(wa)掘(jue)機(ji)側翻(fan)時發(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)I缸(gang)(gang)(gang)高于(yu)(yu)VI缸(gang)(gang)(gang)位(wei)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、油(you)底(di)殼高于(yu)(yu)缸(gang)(gang)(gang)蓋位(wei)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，發(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)處(chu)(chu)在這種(zhong)狀態下油(you)底(di)殼內(nei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)機(ji)油(you)就(jiu)會慢慢地(di)從缸(gang)(gang)(gang)壁(bi)間隙處(chu)(chu)流入(ru)(ru)燃燒(shao)室；由于(yu)(yu)VI缸(gang)(gang)(gang)所處(chu)(chu)位(wei)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)最低，I缸(gang)(gang)(gang)所處(chu)(chu)位(wei)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)最高，因而機(ji)油(you)流入(ru)(ru)燃油(you)室的(de)(de)(de)(de)可能最大的(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)VI缸(gang)(gang)(gang)，依次是(shi)(shi)V缸(gang)(gang)(gang)、IV缸(gang)(gang)(gang)，可能性最小(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)I缸(gang)(gang)(gang)，于(yu)(yu)是(shi)(shi)拆下IV、V、VI缸(gang)(gang)(gang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)氣門室罩，用一(yi)字形改錐(zhui)插入(ru)(ru)VI缸(gang)(gang)(gang)進、排氣門的(de)(de)(de)(de)間隙處(chu)(chu)。目的(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)使VI缸(gang)(gang)(gang)進、排氣門一(yi)直處(chu)(chu)于(yu)(yu)打開狀態。
此(ci)時用(yong)扳(ban)(ban)手來回扳(ban)(ban)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)曲(qu)(qu)輪(lun)皮帶(dai)輪(lun)，感到(dao)(dao)(dao)曲(qu)(qu)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)角度比以前略為大(da)一(yi)些(xie)，用(yong)同(tong)樣的(de)方法，使(shi)V缸(gang)(gang)進、排(pai)氣(qi)門(men)處(chu)于打(da)開(kai)(kai)狀(zhuang)態，轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)曲(qu)(qu)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)皮帶(dai)輪(lun)時，感到(dao)(dao)(dao)曲(qu)(qu)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)能轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)的(de)角度又要大(da)一(yi)些(xie)；使(shi)IV缸(gang)(gang)進、排(pai)氣(qi)門(men)處(chu)于打(da)開(kai)(kai)狀(zhuang)態，曲(qu)(qu)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)就(jiu)完全能轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)360°。由此(ci)證明，是發(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)油(you)底殼內機(ji)油(you)通過(guo)缸(gang)(gang)壁(bi)間隙流(liu)進了燃燒室，由于大(da)量機(ji)油(you)流(liu)入燃燒室，起動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)（或(huo)用(yong)扳(ban)(ban)手扳(ban)(ban)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)曲(qu)(qu)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)皮帶(dai)輪(lun)）使(shi)曲(qu)(qu)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)時，在活(huo)塞(sai)上行的(de)過(guo)程中壓縮比過(guo)高(gao)（各(ge)處(chu)間隙均(jun)處(chu)于完全密封狀(zhuang)態），曲(qu)(qu)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)阻(zu)力過(guo)大(da)，故(gu)表現出起動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)不能帶(dai)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)發(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)，故(gu)障原因找到(dao)(dao)(dao)后(hou)，決定改(gai)用(yong)1mm塞(sai)尺插入IV、V、VI缸(gang)(gang)進、排(pai)氣(qi)門(men)間隙處(chu)以代(dai)替一(yi)字(zi)形改(gai)錐（因一(yi)字(zi)形改(gai)錐過(guo)厚）。
以免氣(qi)門壓下過(guo)多而(er)頂壞(huai)活塞(sai)(sai)，但試機(ji)(ji)時起動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)同樣(yang)不能啟(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)，于(yu)是將塞(sai)(sai)尺(chi)的(de)厚度由1mm增加到15mm，再次(ci)(ci)啟(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)時發(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)能順(shun)利啟(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)，并(bing)從(cong)排(pai)氣(qi)管排(pai)出(chu)(chu)了(le)(le)大量機(ji)(ji)油(you)，這時，有兩缸(gang)的(de)塞(sai)(sai)尺(chi)從(cong)氣(qi)門間隙處滑出(chu)(chu)。而(er)發(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)立即(ji)被(bei)憋而(er)熄火；重(zhong)新插(cha)入塞(sai)(sai)尺(chi)，再次(ci)(ci)順(shun)利啟(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)發(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)，并(bing)怠(dai)速運轉(zhuan)了(le)(le)約1min。但帛出(chu)(chu)IV缸(gang)的(de)塞(sai)(sai)尺(chi)后，發(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)又被(bei)憋熄火，說明燃燒(shao)室內機(ji)(ji)油(you)還(huan)很(hen)多，于(yu)是又重(zhong)新插(cha)入塞(sai)(sai)尺(chi)，再次(ci)(ci)啟(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)發(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)，并(bing)怠(dai)速運轉(zhuan)了(le)(le)5min，估計燃燒(shao)室內機(ji)(ji)油(you)已排(pai)盡后，相(xiang)繼抽出(chu)(chu)IV缸(gang)和V缸(gang)的(de)塞(sai)(sai)尺(chi)，發(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)都能正常(chang)運轉(zhuan)，最后抽出(chu)(chu)了(le)(le)IV缸(gang)塞(sai)(sai)尺(chi)，發(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)的(de)運轉(zhuan)也正常(chang)，說明故障已被(bei)徹底(di)排(pai)除。
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