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3847

快速處理挖掘機柴油機故障方法

2020/2/27

柴油機燃油油路分為低壓油路和高壓油路兩種。這兩種油路中的低壓油管和高壓油管出現漏油時，可采取“纏繞法”進行應急修理。當低壓油油管出現漏油時，可先在漏油出涂抹黃油或耐油密封膠，在用膠帶或塑料布纏繞在涂抹處，最后用金屬絲將纏繞好的膠帶或塑料布扎緊即可；當高壓油管漏油或凹癟嚴重時，可將漏油或凹癟處切斷，用膠管或塑料管把兩段頭連接起來，再用細鐵絲扎緊即可；當高壓油管接頭或低壓油管接頭空心螺栓處漏油時，可用棉線纏繞在高壓油管接頭或空心螺栓處，在涂抹黃油或耐油密封膠后擰緊即可。在柴油機的各個組成部件中，有些部件起著保護機器正常工作、提高效率以及延長使用壽命的作用。這些部件損壞時，可采用“部件短路法”進行應急修理挖掘機維修|挖掘機修理|維修挖掘機|修理挖掘機。
當機(ji)(ji)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)濾(lv)(lv)清(qing)(qing)器損壞嚴(yan)重(zhong)無(wu)(wu)法(fa)(fa)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)時(shi)，可將(jiang)機(ji)(ji)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)濾(lv)(lv)清(qing)(qing)器拆除形成“短路(lu)(lu)”，使(shi)(shi)機(ji)(ji)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)泵與(yu)機(ji)(ji)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)濾(lv)(lv)清(qing)(qing)器直接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)連通應急使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)。在采用(yong)(yong)此法(fa)(fa)時(shi)，應將(jiang)柴油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)機(ji)(ji)轉速控制在額(e)定轉速的(de)80%左右，并注意觀察機(ji)(ji)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)壓力。當柴油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)濾(lv)(lv)清(qing)(qing)器損壞嚴(yan)重(zhong)無(wu)(wu)法(fa)(fa)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)或(huo)暫(zan)無(wu)(wu)條件(jian)修復時(shi)，可將(jiang)輸油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)泵出油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)管與(yu)噴油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)泵進油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)口(kou)直接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)連接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)應急使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)。但事(shi)后(hou)應及時(shi)修復并安裝(zhuang)上(shang)屢清(qing)(qing)器，避免柴油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)長時(shi)間不過濾(lv)(lv)造成精密偶件(jian)磨(mo)損加劇。當機(ji)(ji)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)散(san)(san)熱器損壞時(shi)，也(ye)可采取“部(bu)件(jian)短路(lu)(lu)法(fa)(fa)”進行應急修理，方法(fa)(fa)如(ru)下：拆下接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)在機(ji)(ji)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)散(san)(san)熱器上(shang)的(de)兩(liang)根(gen)水(shui)管，用(yong)(yong)一(yi)膠管或(huo)塑料管將(jiang)兩(liang)水(shui)管連在一(yi)起(qi)并扎(zha)緊(jin)，使(shi)(shi)機(ji)(ji)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)散(san)(san)熱器在冷卻系統管路(lu)(lu)中“短路(lu)(lu)”；拆下機(ji)(ji)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)散(san)(san)熱器上(shang)的(de)兩(liang)根(gen)機(ji)(ji)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)管，去掉(diao)原來與(yu)機(ji)(ji)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)濾(lv)(lv)清(qing)(qing)器連接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)的(de)那(nei)根(gen)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)管，將(jiang)另一(yi)根(gen)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)管直接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)與(yu)機(ji)(ji)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)濾(lv)(lv)清(qing)(qing)器連通。
使(shi)機(ji)(ji)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)散熱(re)器在(zai)潤滑系(xi)統管(guan)(guan)路中“短路”，柴(chai)(chai)(chai)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)機(ji)(ji)即(ji)可(ke)應(ying)急(ji)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。在(zai)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)此法(fa)(fa)時(shi)，應(ying)避免柴(chai)(chai)(chai)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)機(ji)(ji)長時(shi)間大負荷作業，并注意(yi)觀察水溫(wen)和機(ji)(ji)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)溫(wen)度。輸(shu)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)泵(beng)(beng)(beng)(beng)是(shi)燃油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)系(xi)低(di)壓(ya)(ya)供油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)重要部件(jian)之一，其作用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)是(shi)將(jiang)(jiang)燃油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)箱中的(de)柴(chai)(chai)(chai)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)一足夠的(de)數量(liang)和一定(ding)的(de)壓(ya)(ya)力送到(dao)噴(pen)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)泵(beng)(beng)(beng)(beng)。當輸(shu)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)泵(beng)(beng)(beng)(beng)損壞無(wu)法(fa)(fa)供油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)時(shi)，可(ke)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)“直流供油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)法(fa)(fa)”應(ying)急(ji)修(xiu)理。方法(fa)(fa)是(shi):拆下輸(shu)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)泵(beng)(beng)(beng)(beng)、噴(pen)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)泵(beng)(beng)(beng)(beng)的(de)進油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)管(guan)(guan)；將(jiang)(jiang)輸(shu)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)泵(beng)(beng)(beng)(beng)的(de)進油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)管(guan)(guan)與(yu)噴(pen)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)泵(beng)(beng)(beng)(beng)的(de)進油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)口直接連通，柴(chai)(chai)(chai)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)機(ji)(ji)即(ji)可(ke)應(ying)急(ji)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)“直流供油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)法(fa)(fa)”時(shi)，應(ying)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)柴(chai)(chai)(chai)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)箱里的(de)柴(chai)(chai)(chai)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)面(mian)始終高與(yu)噴(pen)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)泵(beng)(beng)(beng)(beng)進油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)口的(de)位置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。若柴(chai)(chai)(chai)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)箱里的(de)柴(chai)(chai)(chai)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)面(mian)比噴(pen)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)泵(beng)(beng)(beng)(beng)進油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)進油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)口的(de)位置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)低(di)或想(xiang)當時(shi)，可(ke)在(zai)高于噴(pen)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)泵(beng)(beng)(beng)(beng)進油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)口的(de)適當位置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)固(gu)定(ding)一盛有(you)容(rong)器，將(jiang)(jiang)柴(chai)(chai)(chai)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)箱里的(de)柴(chai)(chai)(chai)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)到(dao)倒至容(rong)器即(ji)可(ke)。柴(chai)(chai)(chai)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)機(ji)(ji)個別缸噴(pen)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)嘴針(zhen)閥“燒死”。
會造成柴油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)機(ji)(ji)“缺缸”或霧化不良、產(chan)生敲擊(ji)并冒黑煙，導致(zhi)柴油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)機(ji)(ji)工作不良，此時(shi)(shi)，柴油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)機(ji)(ji)可(ke)采用“疏通引流法(fa)”進行(xing)應(ying)急修理(li)(li)：拆下故(gu)障缸的(de)噴(pen)(pen)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)器(qi),取下噴(pen)(pen)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)嘴；將噴(pen)(pen)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)嘴放(fang)在裝有機(ji)(ji)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)或柴油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)的(de)容器(qi)中加(jia)熱(re)；將針(zhen)(zhen)閥(fa)從針(zhen)(zhen)閥(fa)體內(nei)拔(ba)出，清除積碳，疏通噴(pen)(pen)孔，如(ru)故(gu)障仍未排除，則可(ke)將該(gai)缸噴(pen)(pen)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)器(qi)總成拆下，在該(gai)缸高壓油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)管接頭處接一塑料管，把該(gai)缸的(de)供油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)引回柴油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)箱或盛油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)容器(qi)中，柴油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)機(ji)(ji)即可(ke)應(ying)急使用。柴油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)機(ji)(ji)噴(pen)(pen)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)泵柱(zhu)塞(sai)偶(ou)件(jian)磨損，可(ke)使柴油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)機(ji)(ji)泄漏量(liang)增(zeng)大，啟(qi)動時(shi)(shi)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)量(liang)不足(zu)，造成柴油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)機(ji)(ji)難以啟(qi)動。這種情況(kuang)在冬季或者熱(re)機(ji)(ji)啟(qi)動時(shi)(shi)更加(jia)突(tu)出。在柴油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)機(ji)(ji)出現此種故(gu)障時(shi)(shi)，可(ke)采取“補油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)加(jia)濃(nong)(nong)”的(de)方(fang)法(fa)應(ying)急修理(li)(li)。對(dui)有啟(qi)動加(jia)濃(nong)(nong)裝置的(de)噴(pen)(pen)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)泵，在啟(qi)動時(shi)(shi)將噴(pen)(pen)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)泵置于加(jia)濃(nong)(nong)位置，待機(ji)(ji)器(qi)啟(qi)動后將加(jia)濃(nong)(nong)裝置恢復正常(chang)位置即可(ke)。
對于沒(mei)有啟動(dong)(dong)加(jia)(jia)濃(nong)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)的(de)噴(pen)油(you)(you)泵(beng)(beng)，可向(xiang)(xiang)進(jin)氣管(guan)內噴(pen)入啟動(dong)(dong)液或100ml左右(you)的(de)柴油(you)(you)，以增(zeng)大(da)(da)進(jin)入缸內的(de)油(you)(you)量(liang)(liang)，彌補(bu)噴(pen)油(you)(you)泵(beng)(beng)供油(you)(you)不足，柴油(you)(you)機即(ji)可啟動(dong)(dong)。亦可調節調速器(qi)最大(da)(da)供油(you)(you)量(liang)(liang)控(kong)制螺(luo)釘以增(zeng)大(da)(da)供油(you)(you)量(liang)(liang)，或將各(ge)缸噴(pen)油(you)(you)器(qi)的(de)噴(pen)油(you)(you)壓力調低，以增(zeng)大(da)(da)供油(you)(you)量(liang)(liang)，彌補(bu)因泄漏造成(cheng)油(you)(you)量(liang)(liang)不足。柴油(you)(you)機蓄電池虧(kui)電造成(cheng)啟動(dong)(dong)轉速太低而難(nan)以啟動(dong)(dong)的(de)故障熟有發生(sheng)。此時(shi)，不可盲目再次啟動(dong)(dong)，否則蓄電池虧(kui)點將加(jia)(jia)重，機器(qi)啟動(dong)(dong)更加(jia)(jia)困難(nan)。可采(cai)用下(xia)述方法(fa)輔佐(zuo)啟動(dong)(dong)：機上有預(yu)熱(re)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)時(shi)，可先(xian)預(yu)熱(re)再啟動(dong)(dong)；沒(mei)有預(yu)熱(re)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)或預(yu)熱(re)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)不能正常發揮功能時(shi)，可先(xian)用噴(pen)燈烘烤進(jin)氣管(guan)和(he)曲(qu)軸(zhou)箱進(jin)行預(yu)熱(re)加(jia)(jia)溫后再啟動(dong)(dong)。在(zai)烘烤進(jin)氣管(guan)之前(qian)可以向(xiang)(xiang)進(jin)氣管(guan)內注入60ml柴油(you)(you)，使一部分柴油(you)(you)經(jing)烘烤蒸發霧化，提高進(jin)氣溫度。
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