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卡特彼勒CAT365BⅡ發動機不能著車的故障診斷

2019/8/18

挖掘機(ji)維修CAT365BⅡ大型挖機，短臂型的斗容可達4立方，功率大，工作效率高，采用卡特的3196發動機，此型號發動機是電噴柴油機，缸徑130mm，行程150mm，排氣量12L，功率365KW。采用機械促動的電子控制單體式噴油器（EUI）的燃油系統，EUI單體式噴油器由凸輪軸產生的機械力用來產生高噴射壓力，該裝置將泵吸元件，電子式的燃油計量元件和噴油元件組合在一個單獨的裝置中。由發動機電子控制模塊（ECM）根據機車主控制電腦板發送的油門信號，及各發動機傳感器的信號，再給出正確的脈沖信號到電子控制單體式噴油器（EUI）的電磁線圈，噴油器噴油，產生合適的發動機轉速。電控系統整體設計到發動機燃油系統和發動機進排氣系統中挖(wa)掘(jue)機(ji)修理。
以便(bian)對燃油(you)(you)輸送和(he)噴(pen)(pen)油(you)(you)正(zheng)時(shi)進行電(dian)(dian)子控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)。和(he)常規的(de)機(ji)(ji)械式發動(dong)機(ji)(ji)相比，電(dian)(dian)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)系統能提供增強(qiang)的(de)正(zheng)時(shi)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)和(he)燃油(you)(you)空氣混合(he)比控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)。噴(pen)(pen)油(you)(you)正(zheng)時(shi)通過噴(pen)(pen)油(you)(you)點火(huo)時(shi)間(jian)(jian)的(de)精確控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)來實現。發動(dong)機(ji)(ji)每分鐘轉(zhuan)速通過調(diao)整噴(pen)(pen)油(you)(you)的(de)持(chi)續時(shi)間(jian)(jian)來控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)。燃油(you)(you)的(de)噴(pen)(pen)射(she)壓力可以高達30，000psi（約(yue)2100kg/cm2）,使燃油(you)(you)霧化(hua)更好，排放更優良(liang)。此機(ji)(ji)型(xing)的(de)電(dian)(dian)腦板(ban)(ban)有(you)(you)機(ji)(ji)車主(zhu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)板(ban)(ban)，重要信(xin)(xin)息(xi)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)板(ban)(ban)（VIDS）,發動(dong)機(ji)(ji)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)板(ban)(ban)（ECM）,因為手(shou)柄是電(dian)(dian)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)手(shou)柄，發動(dong)機(ji)(ji)是電(dian)(dian)噴(pen)(pen)發動(dong)機(ji)(ji)，所(suo)以各種(zhong)輸入輸出的(de)電(dian)(dian)信(xin)(xin)號(hao)比一般的(de)機(ji)(ji)型(xing)要多(duo)，所(suo)以電(dian)(dian)腦板(ban)(ban)功能比較強(qiang)大，監控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)器上有(you)(you)參數鍵(jian)，可以調(diao)出機(ji)(ji)車及發動(dong)機(ji)(ji)的(de)許多(duo)重要參數，如電(dian)(dian)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)手(shou)柄的(de)輸出信(xin)(xin)號(hao)，主(zhu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)閥上控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)各機(ji)(ji)構動(dong)作的(de)先導比例電(dian)(dian)磁閥的(de)電(dian)(dian)流值(zhi)。
主泵及(ji)回轉泵的(de)(de)(de)動(dong)(dong)力換(huan)檔減壓閥的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)流，發動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)各(ge)個重要傳感器的(de)(de)(de)信號等。當發動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)不能(neng)著車(che)(che)，可(ke)能(neng)的(de)(de)(de)原因(yin)有(you)啟(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)電(dian)(dian)路(lu)的(de)(de)(de)問題，或燃油供給方(fang)面有(you)故(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)，或有(you)機(ji)(ji)械故(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)。一次在(zai)工地(di)上，遇(yu)到一臺CAT365BⅡ出(chu)現(xian)不能(neng)著車(che)(che)的(de)(de)(de)故(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)，司機(ji)(ji)反映(ying)機(ji)(ji)子(zi)夜班還干著活，白班以后就打(da)不著車(che)(che)了，因(yin)為是在(zai)正常停機(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)情況下出(chu)現(xian)的(de)(de)(de)，有(you)機(ji)(ji)械故(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)的(de)(de)(de)可(ke)能(neng)性(xing)很(hen)小，打(da)開鑰(yao)匙鍵接(jie)通電(dian)(dian)源，如果有(you)電(dian)(dian)路(lu)故(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)，在(zai)監(jian)控器的(de)(de)(de)信息(xi)顯示(shi)中心會(hui)顯示(shi)故(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)內容(rong)及(ji)故(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)診斷(duan)(duan)代碼(ma)，此時(shi)顯示(shi)有(you)冷卻液位(wei)低(di)，因(yin)為此顯示(shi)早已存在(zai)，是傳感器的(de)(de)(de)故(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)，且(qie)不影響啟(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)，按壓監(jian)控器的(de)(de)(de)主菜單鍵，調出(chu)現(xian)行診斷(duan)(duan)故(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)及(ji)代碼(ma)，因(yin)為無其他故(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)顯示(shi)，可(ke)先不考(kao)慮電(dian)(dian)路(lu)方(fang)面的(de)(de)(de)原因(yin)。作(zuo)試啟(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)時(shi)，起動(dong)(dong)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)能(neng)轉動(dong)(dong)，起動(dong)(dong)轉速(su)也夠。
可(ke)以排(pai)(pai)(pai)除(chu)(chu)啟動電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路有問題(ti)(ti)及電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)不足(zu)的(de)可(ke)能(neng)，發動機聲音也(ye)正常(chang)，無(wu)(wu)異(yi)響。本著先(xian)易后難(nan)的(de)原則，先(xian)排(pai)(pai)(pai)除(chu)(chu)油路方(fang)面的(de)可(ke)能(neng)原因(yin)，首(shou)先(xian)進行排(pai)(pai)(pai)氣，油路并無(wu)(wu)空氣，手泵泵油時感覺壓(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)很大，燃油壓(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)足(zu)，檢查燃油壓(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)調(diao)節閥(fa)（背壓(ya)(ya)(ya)閥(fa)），也(ye)無(wu)(wu)問題(ti)(ti)，油路無(wu)(wu)泄漏，也(ye)無(wu)(wu)阻塞現象，油路方(fang)面的(de)原因(yin)可(ke)初(chu)步(bu)排(pai)(pai)(pai)除(chu)(chu)。為了進一步(bu)確認電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路無(wu)(wu)故(gu)障(zhang)，故(gu)需(xu)要檢查有無(wu)(wu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)到電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)控(kong)制單體(ti)式噴油器，因(yin)為無(wu)(wu)專用(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)卡(ka)特彼勒的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)技(ji)術員（ET）檢測(ce)工具，故(gu)用(yong)(yong)(yong)試燈(deng)進行檢測(ce)，經(jing)檢測(ce)，試燈(deng)亮，說明電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路正常(chang)，有電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)到噴油器，因(yin)此(ci)初(chu)步(bu)判斷(duan)是單體(ti)式噴油器的(de)故(gu)障(zhang)，因(yin)為此(ci)機的(de)噴油器已(yi)經(jing)使用(yong)(yong)(yong)了有五千多小時，因(yin)為工地在非(fei)洲的(de)蘇(su)丹，當地的(de)燃油質量也(ye)很差，故(gu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)控(kong)單體(ti)式噴油器內部的(de)柱塞。
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