3734
快速處理挖掘機發動機無法啟動故障
2019/10/12
柴油機燃油油路分為低壓油路和高壓油路兩種。這兩種油路中的低壓油管和高壓油管出現漏油時，可采取“纏繞法”進行應急修理。當低壓油油管出現漏油時，可先在漏油出涂抹黃油或耐油密封膠，在用膠帶或塑料布纏繞在涂抹處，最后用金屬絲將纏繞好的膠帶或塑料布扎緊即可；挖掘機(ji)維修(xiu)當高壓油管漏油或凹癟嚴重時，可將漏油或凹癟處切斷，用膠管或塑料管把兩段頭連接起來，再用細鐵絲扎緊即可；當高壓油管接頭或低壓油管接頭空心螺栓處漏油時，可用棉線纏繞在高壓油管接頭或空心螺栓處，在涂抹黃油或耐油密封膠后擰緊即可。在柴油機的各個組成部件中，有些部件起著保護機器正常工作、提高效率以及延長使用壽命的作用。這些部件損壞時，可采用“部件短路法”進行應急修理。
當機油濾清器損壞嚴重無法使用時，可將機油濾清器拆除形成“短路”，挖掘機修(xiu)理(li)使機油泵與機油濾清器直接連通應急使用。在采用此法時，應將柴油機轉速控制在額定轉速的80%左右，并注意觀察機油壓力。當柴油濾清器損壞嚴重無法使用或暫無條件修復時，可將輸油泵出油管與噴油泵進油接口直接連接應急使用。但事后應及時修復并安裝上屢清器，避免柴油長時間不過濾造成精密偶件磨損加劇。當機油散熱器損壞時，也可采取“部件短路法”進行應急修理，方法如下：拆下接在機油散熱器上的兩根水管，用一膠管或塑料管將兩水管連在一起并扎緊，使機油散熱器在冷卻系統管路中“短路”；拆下機油散熱器上的兩根機油管，去掉原來與機油濾清器連接的那根油管，將另一根油管直接與機油濾清器連通。
使(shi)(shi)機(ji)(ji)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)散熱(re)器在(zai)(zai)潤滑系(xi)統管(guan)路中“短路”，柴(chai)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)機(ji)(ji)即(ji)可(ke)(ke)應(ying)急(ji)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)。在(zai)(zai)采用(yong)此法時，應(ying)避免柴(chai)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)機(ji)(ji)長時間大負荷作業，并注意觀(guan)察水溫(wen)和機(ji)(ji)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)溫(wen)度。輸(shu)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)泵(beng)(beng)(beng)(beng)(beng)是(shi)燃油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)系(xi)低壓供(gong)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)裝置(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)重要部件之(zhi)一(yi)(yi)，其(qi)作用(yong)是(shi)將燃油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)箱(xiang)(xiang)中的(de)(de)(de)柴(chai)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)足夠的(de)(de)(de)數量和一(yi)(yi)定的(de)(de)(de)壓力(li)送到噴(pen)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)泵(beng)(beng)(beng)(beng)(beng)。當輸(shu)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)泵(beng)(beng)(beng)(beng)(beng)損壞無法供(gong)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)時，可(ke)(ke)采用(yong)“直(zhi)流(liu)供(gong)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)法”應(ying)急(ji)修理(li)。方法是(shi):拆(chai)下(xia)輸(shu)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)泵(beng)(beng)(beng)(beng)(beng)、噴(pen)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)泵(beng)(beng)(beng)(beng)(beng)的(de)(de)(de)進(jin)(jin)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)管(guan)；將輸(shu)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)泵(beng)(beng)(beng)(beng)(beng)的(de)(de)(de)進(jin)(jin)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)管(guan)與噴(pen)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)泵(beng)(beng)(beng)(beng)(beng)的(de)(de)(de)進(jin)(jin)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)口直(zhi)接(jie)連通，柴(chai)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)機(ji)(ji)即(ji)可(ke)(ke)應(ying)急(ji)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)。采用(yong)“直(zhi)流(liu)供(gong)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)法”時，應(ying)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)柴(chai)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)箱(xiang)(xiang)里的(de)(de)(de)柴(chai)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)面始終高與噴(pen)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)泵(beng)(beng)(beng)(beng)(beng)進(jin)(jin)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)口的(de)(de)(de)位(wei)置(zhi)。若柴(chai)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)箱(xiang)(xiang)里的(de)(de)(de)柴(chai)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)面比噴(pen)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)泵(beng)(beng)(beng)(beng)(beng)進(jin)(jin)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)進(jin)(jin)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)口的(de)(de)(de)位(wei)置(zhi)低或(huo)想當時，可(ke)(ke)在(zai)(zai)高于噴(pen)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)泵(beng)(beng)(beng)(beng)(beng)進(jin)(jin)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)口的(de)(de)(de)適當位(wei)置(zhi)固定一(yi)(yi)盛有容器，將柴(chai)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)箱(xiang)(xiang)里的(de)(de)(de)柴(chai)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)到倒(dao)至容器即(ji)可(ke)(ke)。柴(chai)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)機(ji)(ji)個別缸(gang)噴(pen)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)嘴(zui)針閥“燒死”。
會造成(cheng)柴(chai)(chai)(chai)(chai)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)“缺缸(gang)(gang)”或(huo)霧化(hua)不(bu)良(liang)、產生敲擊并冒黑煙，導致柴(chai)(chai)(chai)(chai)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)工作(zuo)不(bu)良(liang)，此(ci)時(shi)(shi)，柴(chai)(chai)(chai)(chai)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)可(ke)采用“疏通(tong)(tong)引(yin)(yin)流法”進行(xing)應急修理：拆下(xia)故(gu)障缸(gang)(gang)的(de)噴(pen)(pen)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)器(qi),取下(xia)噴(pen)(pen)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)嘴(zui)；將(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)噴(pen)(pen)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)嘴(zui)放在(zai)裝有機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)或(huo)柴(chai)(chai)(chai)(chai)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)的(de)容器(qi)中加(jia)(jia)熱(re)；將(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)針閥(fa)從針閥(fa)體內拔出，清除積碳，疏通(tong)(tong)噴(pen)(pen)孔，如故(gu)障仍未排除，則可(ke)將(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)該缸(gang)(gang)噴(pen)(pen)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)器(qi)總成(cheng)拆下(xia)，在(zai)該缸(gang)(gang)高(gao)壓油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)管接頭(tou)處接一塑料管，把該缸(gang)(gang)的(de)供(gong)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)引(yin)(yin)回柴(chai)(chai)(chai)(chai)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)箱或(huo)盛油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)容器(qi)中，柴(chai)(chai)(chai)(chai)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)即可(ke)應急使用。柴(chai)(chai)(chai)(chai)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)噴(pen)(pen)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)泵(beng)柱塞偶件(jian)磨損，可(ke)使柴(chai)(chai)(chai)(chai)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)泄(xie)漏量增大，啟動(dong)(dong)時(shi)(shi)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)量不(bu)足，造成(cheng)柴(chai)(chai)(chai)(chai)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)難(nan)以啟動(dong)(dong)。這(zhe)種情況在(zai)冬季或(huo)者熱(re)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)啟動(dong)(dong)時(shi)(shi)更加(jia)(jia)突出。在(zai)柴(chai)(chai)(chai)(chai)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)出現此(ci)種故(gu)障時(shi)(shi)，可(ke)采取“補(bu)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)加(jia)(jia)濃(nong)”的(de)方法應急修理。對有啟動(dong)(dong)加(jia)(jia)濃(nong)裝置的(de)噴(pen)(pen)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)泵(beng)，在(zai)啟動(dong)(dong)時(shi)(shi)將(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)噴(pen)(pen)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)泵(beng)置于加(jia)(jia)濃(nong)位置，待機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)器(qi)啟動(dong)(dong)后將(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)加(jia)(jia)濃(nong)裝置恢復正常位置即可(ke)。
對于(yu)沒(mei)有啟(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)加(jia)濃裝(zhuang)置(zhi)的(de)(de)噴(pen)(pen)油(you)(you)(you)泵(beng)，可(ke)(ke)向進氣(qi)管內噴(pen)(pen)入啟(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)液或100ml左右的(de)(de)柴(chai)(chai)油(you)(you)(you)，以增(zeng)大(da)進入缸內的(de)(de)油(you)(you)(you)量，彌(mi)補噴(pen)(pen)油(you)(you)(you)泵(beng)供(gong)(gong)油(you)(you)(you)不足，柴(chai)(chai)油(you)(you)(you)機(ji)(ji)即可(ke)(ke)啟(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)。亦可(ke)(ke)調節(jie)調速器最(zui)大(da)供(gong)(gong)油(you)(you)(you)量控制螺釘以增(zeng)大(da)供(gong)(gong)油(you)(you)(you)量，或將各缸噴(pen)(pen)油(you)(you)(you)器的(de)(de)噴(pen)(pen)油(you)(you)(you)壓力調低(di)，以增(zeng)大(da)供(gong)(gong)油(you)(you)(you)量，彌(mi)補因泄漏造成油(you)(you)(you)量不足。柴(chai)(chai)油(you)(you)(you)機(ji)(ji)蓄電(dian)池(chi)虧(kui)電(dian)造成啟(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)轉速太低(di)而難以啟(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)的(de)(de)故障熟(shu)有發(fa)生。此時(shi)，不可(ke)(ke)盲目再(zai)次啟(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)，否則蓄電(dian)池(chi)虧(kui)點將加(jia)重(zhong)，機(ji)(ji)器啟(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)更(geng)加(jia)困難。可(ke)(ke)采(cai)用下述(shu)方法(fa)輔佐(zuo)啟(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)：機(ji)(ji)上有預(yu)熱裝(zhuang)置(zhi)時(shi)，可(ke)(ke)先(xian)預(yu)熱再(zai)啟(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)；沒(mei)有預(yu)熱裝(zhuang)置(zhi)或預(yu)熱裝(zhuang)置(zhi)不能(neng)正常發(fa)揮功能(neng)時(shi)，可(ke)(ke)先(xian)用噴(pen)(pen)燈烘(hong)(hong)烤進氣(qi)管和(he)曲軸箱進行(xing)預(yu)熱加(jia)溫后(hou)再(zai)啟(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)。在(zai)烘(hong)(hong)烤進氣(qi)管之前(qian)可(ke)(ke)以向進氣(qi)管內注入60ml柴(chai)(chai)油(you)(you)(you)，使一(yi)部分柴(chai)(chai)油(you)(you)(you)經烘(hong)(hong)烤蒸發(fa)霧化，提高進氣(qi)溫度。
當機油濾清器損壞嚴重無法使用時，可將機油濾清器拆除形成“短路”，挖掘機修(xiu)理(li)使機油泵與機油濾清器直接連通應急使用。在采用此法時，應將柴油機轉速控制在額定轉速的80%左右，并注意觀察機油壓力。當柴油濾清器損壞嚴重無法使用或暫無條件修復時，可將輸油泵出油管與噴油泵進油接口直接連接應急使用。但事后應及時修復并安裝上屢清器，避免柴油長時間不過濾造成精密偶件磨損加劇。當機油散熱器損壞時，也可采取“部件短路法”進行應急修理，方法如下：拆下接在機油散熱器上的兩根水管，用一膠管或塑料管將兩水管連在一起并扎緊，使機油散熱器在冷卻系統管路中“短路”；拆下機油散熱器上的兩根機油管，去掉原來與機油濾清器連接的那根油管，將另一根油管直接與機油濾清器連通。
使(shi)(shi)機(ji)(ji)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)散熱(re)器在(zai)(zai)潤滑系(xi)統管(guan)路中“短路”，柴(chai)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)機(ji)(ji)即(ji)可(ke)(ke)應(ying)急(ji)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)。在(zai)(zai)采用(yong)此法時，應(ying)避免柴(chai)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)機(ji)(ji)長時間大負荷作業，并注意觀(guan)察水溫(wen)和機(ji)(ji)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)溫(wen)度。輸(shu)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)泵(beng)(beng)(beng)(beng)(beng)是(shi)燃油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)系(xi)低壓供(gong)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)裝置(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)重要部件之(zhi)一(yi)(yi)，其(qi)作用(yong)是(shi)將燃油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)箱(xiang)(xiang)中的(de)(de)(de)柴(chai)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)足夠的(de)(de)(de)數量和一(yi)(yi)定的(de)(de)(de)壓力(li)送到噴(pen)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)泵(beng)(beng)(beng)(beng)(beng)。當輸(shu)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)泵(beng)(beng)(beng)(beng)(beng)損壞無法供(gong)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)時，可(ke)(ke)采用(yong)“直(zhi)流(liu)供(gong)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)法”應(ying)急(ji)修理(li)。方法是(shi):拆(chai)下(xia)輸(shu)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)泵(beng)(beng)(beng)(beng)(beng)、噴(pen)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)泵(beng)(beng)(beng)(beng)(beng)的(de)(de)(de)進(jin)(jin)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)管(guan)；將輸(shu)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)泵(beng)(beng)(beng)(beng)(beng)的(de)(de)(de)進(jin)(jin)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)管(guan)與噴(pen)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)泵(beng)(beng)(beng)(beng)(beng)的(de)(de)(de)進(jin)(jin)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)口直(zhi)接(jie)連通，柴(chai)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)機(ji)(ji)即(ji)可(ke)(ke)應(ying)急(ji)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)。采用(yong)“直(zhi)流(liu)供(gong)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)法”時，應(ying)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)柴(chai)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)箱(xiang)(xiang)里的(de)(de)(de)柴(chai)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)面始終高與噴(pen)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)泵(beng)(beng)(beng)(beng)(beng)進(jin)(jin)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)口的(de)(de)(de)位(wei)置(zhi)。若柴(chai)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)箱(xiang)(xiang)里的(de)(de)(de)柴(chai)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)面比噴(pen)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)泵(beng)(beng)(beng)(beng)(beng)進(jin)(jin)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)進(jin)(jin)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)口的(de)(de)(de)位(wei)置(zhi)低或(huo)想當時，可(ke)(ke)在(zai)(zai)高于噴(pen)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)泵(beng)(beng)(beng)(beng)(beng)進(jin)(jin)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)口的(de)(de)(de)適當位(wei)置(zhi)固定一(yi)(yi)盛有容器，將柴(chai)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)箱(xiang)(xiang)里的(de)(de)(de)柴(chai)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)到倒(dao)至容器即(ji)可(ke)(ke)。柴(chai)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)機(ji)(ji)個別缸(gang)噴(pen)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)嘴(zui)針閥“燒死”。
會造成(cheng)柴(chai)(chai)(chai)(chai)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)“缺缸(gang)(gang)”或(huo)霧化(hua)不(bu)良(liang)、產生敲擊并冒黑煙，導致柴(chai)(chai)(chai)(chai)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)工作(zuo)不(bu)良(liang)，此(ci)時(shi)(shi)，柴(chai)(chai)(chai)(chai)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)可(ke)采用“疏通(tong)(tong)引(yin)(yin)流法”進行(xing)應急修理：拆下(xia)故(gu)障缸(gang)(gang)的(de)噴(pen)(pen)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)器(qi),取下(xia)噴(pen)(pen)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)嘴(zui)；將(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)噴(pen)(pen)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)嘴(zui)放在(zai)裝有機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)或(huo)柴(chai)(chai)(chai)(chai)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)的(de)容器(qi)中加(jia)(jia)熱(re)；將(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)針閥(fa)從針閥(fa)體內拔出，清除積碳，疏通(tong)(tong)噴(pen)(pen)孔，如故(gu)障仍未排除，則可(ke)將(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)該缸(gang)(gang)噴(pen)(pen)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)器(qi)總成(cheng)拆下(xia)，在(zai)該缸(gang)(gang)高(gao)壓油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)管接頭(tou)處接一塑料管，把該缸(gang)(gang)的(de)供(gong)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)引(yin)(yin)回柴(chai)(chai)(chai)(chai)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)箱或(huo)盛油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)容器(qi)中，柴(chai)(chai)(chai)(chai)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)即可(ke)應急使用。柴(chai)(chai)(chai)(chai)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)噴(pen)(pen)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)泵(beng)柱塞偶件(jian)磨損，可(ke)使柴(chai)(chai)(chai)(chai)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)泄(xie)漏量增大，啟動(dong)(dong)時(shi)(shi)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)量不(bu)足，造成(cheng)柴(chai)(chai)(chai)(chai)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)難(nan)以啟動(dong)(dong)。這(zhe)種情況在(zai)冬季或(huo)者熱(re)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)啟動(dong)(dong)時(shi)(shi)更加(jia)(jia)突出。在(zai)柴(chai)(chai)(chai)(chai)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)出現此(ci)種故(gu)障時(shi)(shi)，可(ke)采取“補(bu)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)加(jia)(jia)濃(nong)”的(de)方法應急修理。對有啟動(dong)(dong)加(jia)(jia)濃(nong)裝置的(de)噴(pen)(pen)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)泵(beng)，在(zai)啟動(dong)(dong)時(shi)(shi)將(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)噴(pen)(pen)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)泵(beng)置于加(jia)(jia)濃(nong)位置，待機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)器(qi)啟動(dong)(dong)后將(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)加(jia)(jia)濃(nong)裝置恢復正常位置即可(ke)。
對于(yu)沒(mei)有啟(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)加(jia)濃裝(zhuang)置(zhi)的(de)(de)噴(pen)(pen)油(you)(you)(you)泵(beng)，可(ke)(ke)向進氣(qi)管內噴(pen)(pen)入啟(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)液或100ml左右的(de)(de)柴(chai)(chai)油(you)(you)(you)，以增(zeng)大(da)進入缸內的(de)(de)油(you)(you)(you)量，彌(mi)補噴(pen)(pen)油(you)(you)(you)泵(beng)供(gong)(gong)油(you)(you)(you)不足，柴(chai)(chai)油(you)(you)(you)機(ji)(ji)即可(ke)(ke)啟(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)。亦可(ke)(ke)調節(jie)調速器最(zui)大(da)供(gong)(gong)油(you)(you)(you)量控制螺釘以增(zeng)大(da)供(gong)(gong)油(you)(you)(you)量，或將各缸噴(pen)(pen)油(you)(you)(you)器的(de)(de)噴(pen)(pen)油(you)(you)(you)壓力調低(di)，以增(zeng)大(da)供(gong)(gong)油(you)(you)(you)量，彌(mi)補因泄漏造成油(you)(you)(you)量不足。柴(chai)(chai)油(you)(you)(you)機(ji)(ji)蓄電(dian)池(chi)虧(kui)電(dian)造成啟(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)轉速太低(di)而難以啟(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)的(de)(de)故障熟(shu)有發(fa)生。此時(shi)，不可(ke)(ke)盲目再(zai)次啟(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)，否則蓄電(dian)池(chi)虧(kui)點將加(jia)重(zhong)，機(ji)(ji)器啟(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)更(geng)加(jia)困難。可(ke)(ke)采(cai)用下述(shu)方法(fa)輔佐(zuo)啟(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)：機(ji)(ji)上有預(yu)熱裝(zhuang)置(zhi)時(shi)，可(ke)(ke)先(xian)預(yu)熱再(zai)啟(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)；沒(mei)有預(yu)熱裝(zhuang)置(zhi)或預(yu)熱裝(zhuang)置(zhi)不能(neng)正常發(fa)揮功能(neng)時(shi)，可(ke)(ke)先(xian)用噴(pen)(pen)燈烘(hong)(hong)烤進氣(qi)管和(he)曲軸箱進行(xing)預(yu)熱加(jia)溫后(hou)再(zai)啟(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)。在(zai)烘(hong)(hong)烤進氣(qi)管之前(qian)可(ke)(ke)以向進氣(qi)管內注入60ml柴(chai)(chai)油(you)(you)(you)，使一(yi)部分柴(chai)(chai)油(you)(you)(you)經烘(hong)(hong)烤蒸發(fa)霧化，提高進氣(qi)溫度。
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