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卡特CAT365BⅡ挖掘機發動機不能著車的故障診斷

2019/12/14

CAT365BⅡ大(da)(da)型(xing)挖機(ji)(ji)，短臂型(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)斗容可達4立(li)方。功(gong)率大(da)(da)。工作(zuo)效(xiao)率高。采(cai)用卡特的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)3196發(fa)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)，此型(xing)號(hao)(hao)(hao)發(fa)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)是(shi)電噴(pen)柴油機(ji)(ji)，缸徑(jing)130mm，行程150mm，排氣(qi)量12L，功(gong)率365KW。采(cai)用機(ji)(ji)械促(cu)動(dong)(dong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電子(zi)(zi)控制(zhi)(zhi)單體式(shi)噴(pen)油器（EUI）的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)燃(ran)油系統(tong)，EUI單體式(shi)噴(pen)油器由凸輪軸產生的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)機(ji)(ji)械力用來(lai)產生高噴(pen)射壓(ya)力，該裝置將泵吸元(yuan)件。電子(zi)(zi)式(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)燃(ran)油計量元(yuan)件和(he)噴(pen)油元(yuan)件組(zu)合在一個單獨(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)裝置中，由發(fa)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)電子(zi)(zi)控制(zhi)(zhi)模塊（ECM）根(gen)據機(ji)(ji)車主控制(zhi)(zhi)電腦(nao)板發(fa)送(song)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)油門(men)信(xin)號(hao)(hao)(hao)。及各(ge)發(fa)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)傳感器的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)信(xin)號(hao)(hao)(hao)。再給出正(zheng)確的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)脈沖信(xin)號(hao)(hao)(hao)到電子(zi)(zi)控制(zhi)(zhi)單體式(shi)噴(pen)油器（EUI）的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電磁線圈(quan)。
激活噴(pen)(pen)油(you)(you)(you)器(qi)噴(pen)(pen)油(you)(you)(you)，產生(sheng)合適(shi)的(de)發(fa)(fa)動機(ji)轉(zhuan)速。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)系(xi)統(tong)整(zheng)體設計到發(fa)(fa)動機(ji)燃油(you)(you)(you)系(xi)統(tong)和(he)發(fa)(fa)動機(ji)進(jin)排氣系(xi)統(tong)中，以(yi)便對燃油(you)(you)(you)輸(shu)送和(he)噴(pen)(pen)油(you)(you)(you)正(zheng)時(shi)進(jin)行電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，和(he)常規的(de)機(ji)械式發(fa)(fa)動機(ji)相比，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)系(xi)統(tong)能提供增(zeng)強(qiang)的(de)正(zheng)時(shi)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)和(he)燃油(you)(you)(you)空(kong)氣混合比控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。噴(pen)(pen)油(you)(you)(you)正(zheng)時(shi)通過噴(pen)(pen)油(you)(you)(you)點火時(shi)間的(de)精確控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)來實現。發(fa)(fa)動機(ji)每(mei)分鐘轉(zhuan)速通過調整(zheng)噴(pen)(pen)油(you)(you)(you)的(de)持續時(shi)間來控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。燃油(you)(you)(you)的(de)噴(pen)(pen)射壓(ya)力可以(yi)高達30，000psi（約2100kg/cm2）,使燃油(you)(you)(you)霧(wu)化更(geng)好，排放更(geng)優良，此機(ji)型的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)腦(nao)板有(you)機(ji)車主控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)板。重(zhong)要信息(xi)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)板（VIDS）,發(fa)(fa)動機(ji)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)板（ECM）, 因為手柄是電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)手柄，發(fa)(fa)動機(ji)是電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)噴(pen)(pen)發(fa)(fa)動機(ji)，所以(yi)各種輸(shu)入輸(shu)出的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)信號比一般的(de)機(ji)型要多。
所(suo)以電腦板功能(neng)(neng)(neng)比較強大(da)，監控(kong)器上有(you)(you)參(can)數(shu)鍵，可以調出機(ji)車(che)及發(fa)動(dong)機(ji)的(de)(de)(de)許(xu)多(duo)重要參(can)數(shu)，如電控(kong)手柄的(de)(de)(de)輸(shu)出信號(hao)，主控(kong)制(zhi)閥上控(kong)制(zhi)各(ge)機(ji)構(gou)動(dong)作的(de)(de)(de)先導比例電磁(ci)閥的(de)(de)(de)電流值。主泵(beng)及回轉泵(beng)的(de)(de)(de)動(dong)力換檔減壓(ya)閥的(de)(de)(de)電流。發(fa)動(dong)機(ji)的(de)(de)(de)各(ge)個重要傳感器的(de)(de)(de)信號(hao)等(deng)，當(dang)發(fa)動(dong)機(ji)不(bu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)著車(che)，可能(neng)(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)(de)原因有(you)(you)啟動(dong)電路的(de)(de)(de)問題，或燃(ran)油供給方面有(you)(you)故(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)。或有(you)(you)機(ji)械故(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)。一次在工(gong)地上，遇到一臺CAT365BⅡ出現不(bu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)著車(che)的(de)(de)(de)故(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)，司機(ji)反映(ying)機(ji)子夜班還(huan)干著活，白班交班以后就打(da)不(bu)著車(che)了，因為是在正常停機(ji)的(de)(de)(de)情況下出現的(de)(de)(de)，有(you)(you)機(ji)械故(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)的(de)(de)(de)可能(neng)(neng)(neng)性(xing)很小。打(da)開鑰匙鍵接通電源，如果有(you)(you)電路故(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)，在監控(kong)器的(de)(de)(de)信息(xi)顯示(shi)中心會顯示(shi)故(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)內容(rong)及故(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)診斷代(dai)碼(ma)。
此時顯(xian)(xian)示有冷卻液(ye)位低。因為(wei)此顯(xian)(xian)示早(zao)已(yi)存在。是傳感器(qi)的故(gu)(gu)障(zhang)，且不影響啟(qi)(qi)動(dong)，按壓(ya)監控(kong)器(qi)的主菜(cai)單鍵，調出現行(xing)診斷故(gu)(gu)障(zhang)及代碼，因為(wei)無(wu)其他故(gu)(gu)障(zhang)顯(xian)(xian)示，可先不考慮電(dian)(dian)(dian)路方(fang)面(mian)的原(yuan)因，作試(shi)啟(qi)(qi)動(dong)時，起(qi)動(dong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機能(neng)轉動(dong)，起(qi)動(dong)轉速(su)也(ye)(ye)夠，可以排除(chu)啟(qi)(qi)動(dong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路有問(wen)題及電(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)不足的可能(neng)，發動(dong)機聲(sheng)音也(ye)(ye)正常，無(wu)異響。本著先易后難的原(yuan)則，先排除(chu)油(you)路方(fang)面(mian)的可能(neng)原(yuan)因，首(shou)先進行(xing)排氣(qi)，油(you)路并(bing)無(wu)空氣(qi)，手泵(beng)泵(beng)油(you)時感覺壓(ya)力很(hen)大，燃(ran)油(you)壓(ya)力足，檢查燃(ran)油(you)壓(ya)力調節(jie)閥（背壓(ya)閥），也(ye)(ye)無(wu)問(wen)題，油(you)路無(wu)泄漏，也(ye)(ye)無(wu)阻(zu)塞現象，油(you)路方(fang)面(mian)的原(yuan)因可初步排除(chu)，為(wei)了進一步確認電(dian)(dian)(dian)路無(wu)故(gu)(gu)障(zhang)，故(gu)(gu)需(xu)要檢查有無(wu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流到電(dian)(dian)(dian)子控(kong)制(zhi)單體式噴油(you)器(qi)。
因(yin)為(wei)無(wu)專用的(de)(de)(de)(de)卡特彼勒(le)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電子(zi)技(ji)術(shu)員（ET）檢(jian)測工(gong)(gong)具，故用試(shi)燈進(jin)行檢(jian)測。經檢(jian)測，試(shi)燈亮。說明電路正(zheng)常，有(you)(you)電流到(dao)噴(pen)油(you)(you)(you)器(qi)(qi)。因(yin)此(ci)(ci)初(chu)步判斷是單(dan)體(ti)(ti)式噴(pen)油(you)(you)(you)器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)故障(zhang)，因(yin)為(wei)此(ci)(ci)機的(de)(de)(de)(de)噴(pen)油(you)(you)(you)器(qi)(qi)已(yi)經使(shi)用了有(you)(you)五(wu)千(qian)多(duo)小時，因(yin)為(wei)工(gong)(gong)地(di)(di)(di)在非洲(zhou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)蘇(su)丹，當地(di)(di)(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)燃油(you)(you)(you)質量也很差，故電控單(dan)體(ti)(ti)式噴(pen)油(you)(you)(you)器(qi)(qi)內部的(de)(de)(de)(de)柱塞。閥(fa)芯，噴(pen)嘴等已(yi)經磨損，造成燃油(you)(you)(you)霧化及噴(pen)油(you)(you)(you)量都達(da)(da)不到(dao)技(ji)術(shu)標準，使(shi)發(fa)動機無(wu)法(fa)啟(qi)動。因(yin)為(wei)工(gong)(gong)地(di)(di)(di)無(wu)新(xin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)噴(pen)油(you)(you)(you)器(qi)(qi)可更換。訂購的(de)(de)(de)(de)配(pei)件(jian)需要一定的(de)(de)(de)(de)時間才(cai)能(neng)到(dao)，所以使(shi)用啟(qi)動液(ye)幫(bang)助啟(qi)動，在使(shi)用啟(qi)動液(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)情(qing)況下。發(fa)動機能(neng)啟(qi)動，且基(ji)本能(neng)正(zheng)常工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)，只是10檔(dang)轉速(su)(su)時，有(you)(you)轉速(su)(su)不穩定的(de)(de)(de)(de)現象，在配(pei)件(jian)到(dao)達(da)(da)后。
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